GC–MS profiling, phytochemical and biological investigation of aerial parts of Leucophyllum frutescens (Berl.) I.M. Johnst. (Cenizo)

Ahmad, Imtiaz; Ahmed, Shamsuddin; Akkol, Esra Küpeli; Rao, Huma; Shahzad, Muhammad Nadeem; Shaukat, Umar; Basit, Abdul; Fatima, Maryam

doi:10.1016/j.sajb.2022.04.038

Cited by 15 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…BULE exhibited the highest total phenolic content, while HELE exhibited the lowest (Table 1). The TPC and TFC contents of this study were compared to a previous study conducted on the aerial parts of L. frutescens, which revealed a significant difference in the polar fractions of TPC and TFC, where the highest TPC was determined as 189.369 ± 1.393 mg GA•Eq•gm −1 DE ± S.D by BULE and TFC was determined as 232.458 ± 1.589 mg Qu•Eq•gm −1 DE ± S.D by CHLE [13].…”

Section: Phenolic and Flavonoid Contents Of L Frutescens Leaf Extractsmentioning

confidence: 62%

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Neuroprotection against Aluminum Chloride-Induced Hippocampus Damage in Albino Wistar Rats by Leucophyllum frutescens (Berl.) I.M. Johnst. Leaf Extracts: A Detailed Insight into Phytochemical Analysis and Antioxidant and Enzyme Inhibition Assays

Ahmad,

Akkol

et al. 2023

Front. Biosci. (Landmark Ed)

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Background: A previously unstudied medicinal plant, Leucophyllum frutescens (Berland.) I.M. Johnst. (Scrophulariaceae) was investigated to evaluate its potential in preventing and treating neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease. Methods: Methanolic leaf extract (MELE) and its fractions (HELE, CHLE, and BULE) were evaluated for their polyphenolic content and antioxidant activity by five different methods, including in vitro enzyme inhibition assays, which are clinically linked to neurodegenerative diseases. The potentially active n-butanol fraction (BULE) was further evaluated for its neuroprotective effects using an albino rat animal model and phytoconstituents profiling using Liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), and in silico molecular docking by Maestro® Schrödinger. Results: The n-butanol fraction (BULE) in the hydroalcoholic leaf extract exhibited the highest total phenolic content (230.435 ± 1.575 mg gallic acid equivalent gm −1 ± SD). The chloroform leaf extract exhibited the highest total flavonoid content (293.343 ± 3.756 mg quercetin equivalent gm −1 ± SD) as well as the highest antioxidant content, which was equivalent to Trolox, with five assay methods. Similarly, the chloroform and n-butanol fractions from the hydroalcoholic leaf extract significantly inhibited human acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase with their IC50 values of 12.14 ± 0.85 and 129.73 ± 1.14 µg•mL −1 , respectively. The in vivo study revealed that BULE exhibited a significant neuroprotective effect at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg/day in an aluminum chloride-induced neurodegenerative albino rat model. The LC-MS/MS analysis of BULE tentatively confirmed the presence of biologically active secondary metabolites, such as theobromine, propyl gallate, quercetin-3-O-glucoside, myricetin-3-acetylrhamnoside, isoquercitrin-6 ′ -O-malonate, diosmetin-7-O-glucuronide-3 ′ -O-pentose, pinoresinol diglucoside, asarinin, eridictoyl, epigallocatechin, methyl gallate derivative, and eudesmin. The results from the computational molecular docking of the identified secondary metabolites revealed that diosmetin-7-O-glucuronide-3 ′ -O-pentose had the highest binding affinity to human butyrylcholinesterase, while isoquercetin-6 ′ -O-malonate had the highest to human acetylcholinesterase, and pinoresinol diglucoside to human salivary alpha-amylase. Conclusions: The present study concluded a need for further exploration into this medicinal plant, including the isolation of the bioactive compounds responsible for its neuroprotective effects.

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Section: Phenolic and Flavonoid Contents Of L Frutescens Leaf Extractsmentioning

confidence: 62%

“…I.M. Johnst., known as Cenizo, for its mild sedative effects in addition to treating lung congestion, bronchitis, and chills associated with the common cold [13]. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of this plant against AD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroprotection against Aluminum Chloride-Induced Hippocampus Damage in Albino Wistar Rats by Leucophyllum frutescens (Berl.) I.M. Johnst. Leaf Extracts: A Detailed Insight into Phytochemical Analysis and Antioxidant and Enzyme Inhibition Assays

Ahmad,

Akkol

et al. 2023

Front. Biosci. (Landmark Ed)

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“…Another studies reported that tetradecanoic acid, phytol acetate, trans phytol, n -hexadecanoic acid, and 9 Z,12 Z-octadecadienoic acid were among the several bioactive chemicals found in the leaf essential oils and fruit ethanolic extracts of Ficus carica upon a gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy study [ 64 , 65 ]; the findings of this investigation imply that the ethanolic extract of F. carica fruit may have antidiabetic potential [ 64 ]. Similarly, researchers reported the chemical profiling by GC–MS analysis of Leucophyllum frutescens , which revealed that majorly it contains 9-octadecenoic acid (Z)-, methyl ester, pentadecanoic acid, 14-methyl-, methyl ester, 9,12-octadecadienoic acid, methyl ester, 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid, n -hexadecanoic acid, hexadecanoic acid, ethyl ester, and phytol which showed significant antioxidant, antidiabetic, and cytotoxic activities [ 66 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical and Nutritional Profiling of the Seaweed Dictyota dichotoma and Evaluation of Its Antioxidant, Antimicrobial and Hypoglycemic Potentials

et al. 2023

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Seaweed has been known to possess beneficial effects forhuman health due to the presence of functional bioactive components. The n-butanol and ethyl acetate extracts of Dictyota dichotoma showed ash (31.78%), crude fat (18.93%), crude protein (14.5%), and carbohydrate (12.35%) contents. About 19 compounds were identified in the n-butanol extract, primarily undecane, cetylic acid, hexadecenoic acid, Z-11-, lageracetal, dodecane, and tridecane, whereas 25 compounds were identified in the ethyl acetate extract, mainly tetradecanoic, hexadecenoic acid, Z-11-, undecane, and myristic acid. FT-IR spectroscopy confirmed the presence of carboxylic acid, phenols, aromatics, ethers, amides, sulfonates, and ketones. Moreover, total phenolic contents (TPC) and total flavonoid contents (TFC) in ethyl acetate extract were 2.56 and 2.51 mg GAE/g and in n-butanol extract were 2.11 and 2.25 mg QE/g, respectively. Ethyl acetate and n-butanol extracts at a high concentration of 100 mg mL−1 showed 66.64 and 56.56 % inhibition of DPPH, respectively. Antimicrobial activity revealed that Candida albicans was the most susceptible microorganism, followed by Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli, whereas Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed the least inhibition at all concentrations. The in vivo hypoglycemic study revealed that both extracts exhibited concentration-dependent hypoglycemic activities. In conclusion, this macroalgae exhibited antioxidant, antimicrobial, and hypoglycemic potentials.

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“…DPPH radical scavenging assay of Lp.Cr was performed by the procedure described previously [ 29 ]. For assay, 150 μl of DPPH (200 mM) was mixed with 50 μl Lp.Cr (1 mg/ml) in a 96 well plate.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antioxidant, carbonic anhydrase inhibition and diuretic activity of Leptadenia pyrotechnica Forssk. Decne

Masood,

Jamil,

Aslam

et al. 2023

Heliyon

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GC–MS profiling, phytochemical and biological investigation of aerial parts of Leucophyllum frutescens (Berl.) I.M. Johnst. (Cenizo)

Cited by 15 publications

References 45 publications

Neuroprotection against Aluminum Chloride-Induced Hippocampus Damage in Albino Wistar Rats by Leucophyllum frutescens (Berl.) I.M. Johnst. Leaf Extracts: A Detailed Insight into Phytochemical Analysis and Antioxidant and Enzyme Inhibition Assays

Neuroprotection against Aluminum Chloride-Induced Hippocampus Damage in Albino Wistar Rats by Leucophyllum frutescens (Berl.) I.M. Johnst. Leaf Extracts: A Detailed Insight into Phytochemical Analysis and Antioxidant and Enzyme Inhibition Assays

Chemical and Nutritional Profiling of the Seaweed Dictyota dichotoma and Evaluation of Its Antioxidant, Antimicrobial and Hypoglycemic Potentials

Antioxidant, carbonic anhydrase inhibition and diuretic activity of Leptadenia pyrotechnica Forssk. Decne

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