GC-MS characterization of paint varnishes

Colombini, Maria Perla; Modugno, Francesca; Giannarelli, Stefania; Fuoco, Roger; Matteini, M

doi:10.1016/s0026-265x(00)00098-9

Cited by 90 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Regarding the minority tetracyclic fraction, basically integrated by masticadienoic acid and its isomer, the stability of one of these compounds (retention time, tR = 32 min) is remarkable (Table 2), the values of ΔNi reaching +7.71 (P. herbarum) and +10.46 (P. chrysogenum). The present results resemble with those found in works dedicated to natural or artificial ageing (by UV radiation) of mastic varnish (Van der Doelen et al 1998a; Van der Doelen et al 1998b;Colombini et al 2000;Van der Doelen and Boon, 2000), where an increase in the most stable compounds (e.g. moronic acid) accompanied by a degradation of the rest, was associated with such processes as yellowing, opacification, and microcrack as well as and macrocrack patterns.…”

Section: Gas Chromatography/ Mass Spectrometrysupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Thus, we consider the present paper be new and independent research. By contrast, analytic studies have been published on naturally aged varnishes from paintings (Van der Doelen et al 1998b;Colombini et al 2000) and on resins exposed to accelerated photoageing processes (Van der Doelen et al 1998a; Van der Doelen and Boon, 2000). The main alterations An approach to the study of the fungal deterioration of a classical art material: Mastic varnish involving these materials are the yellowing and the increasing fragility which results in microcrack and macrocrack patterns, as well as augmented polarity and changes in solubility (Doménech-Carbó et al 2006;Romero-Noguera et al 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An approach to the study of the fungal deterioration of a classical art material: Mastic varnish

Romero-Noguera

López-Miras

Martín-Sánchez

et al. 2010

Electron Journ of Biotechnol

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Mastic, one of the best natural varnishes, is frequently used as protective and finishing layer or as component of oleo-resinous media in paintings, both in the past and currently. However, this resin is affected by complex deterioration processes which can change its characteristics and thus the visual aspect of works of art. The alteration processes caused by radiation have been widely studied, but there is a lack of information on the biodeterioration of this natural product. In this paper, fungi from collections as well as from oil paintings of the Fine Arts Museum of Granada (Spain) were inoculated onto slides covered with mastic. The samples, after an incubation period of 15 days, were analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to identify the chemical changes undergone, and a visual monitoring of the samples was performed to determine the formation of mycelia onto solidified resins. Major changes were detected in Chrysonilia sitophila, Phoma herbarum, and P. chrysogenum, showing evidence of alteration processes caused or favoured by these microorgamisms.

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Section: Gas Chromatography/ Mass Spectrometrysupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An approach to the study of the fungal deterioration of a classical art material: Mastic varnish

Romero-Noguera

López-Miras

Martín-Sánchez

et al. 2010

Electron Journ of Biotechnol

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“…Both soluble organic compounds in liquid and solid pyrolysis products can be conveniently determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) or gas chromatography (GC). By collecting a number of products over different stages of pyrolysis, retention times and the peak area percentages characteristic to each product can be automatically calculated and recorded by GC-MS [17][18][19][20]. Further data or profiles such as the absolute intensity and concentration level can also be automatically calculated by integration and by comparing against standard material databases, such as the NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology) library.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Yield and Characteristics of Pyrolysis Products Obtained from Schizochytrium limacinum under Different Temperature Regimes

Zhou

et al. 2013

Energies

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Pyrolysis-gas chromatographic mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) was used to determine the yield and chemical composition of the pyrolysis products of Schizochytrium limacinum. The pyrolysis was carried out by varying the temperature from 300 °C to 800 °C. It was found that the main decomposition temperature of Schizochytrium limacinum was 428.16 °C, at which up to 66.5% of the mass was lost. A further 18.7% mass loss then occurred in a relatively slow pace until 760.2 °C due to complete decomposition of the ash content of Schizochytrium limacinum. The pyrolysis of Schizochytrium limacinum at 700 °C produced the maximum yield (67.7%) of pyrolysis products compared to 61.2% at 400 °C. While pollutants released at 700 °C (12.3%) was much higher than that of 400 °C (2.1%). Higher temperature will lead to more pollutant (nitrogen compounds and PAHs) release, OPEN ACCESSEnergies 2013, 6 3340 which is harmful to the environment. Considering the reasonably high yield and minimum release of pollutants, a lower pyrolysis temperature (400 °C) was found to be optimum for producing biofuel from Schizochytrium limacinum.

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“…In contrast, analytic studies of naturally aged triterpenoid varnishes from paintings (Van der Doelen et al 1998b;Colombini et al 2000) and of resins exposed to accelerated photoageing processes (Van der Doelen, 1998a;Van der Doelen and Boon, 2000) have been published. Oxidative patterns that affect to dammarane-type molecules (tetracycles) and oleanane/ursane ones (pentacycles) have been described.…”

Section: *Corresponding Authormentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodeterioration patterns found in dammar resin used as art material

Romero-Noguera

Martín-Sánchez

López-Miras

et al. 2010

Electron. J. Biotechnol.

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Since the middle of the XIX century, when dammar became popular in Occident, this natural resin is one of the most used in art painting techniques as final protective coating (varnish) as well as a component of pictorial media. The present work is the first approach to the study of the microbiological biodeterioration of this artistic material, which can seriously affect the appearance and integrity of works of art when bad conservation conditions -especially high humidity levelstake place. 12 microorganisms, fungi and bacteria, came from collection and from oil paintings affected by biodeterioration patterns, were inoculated on test specimens prepared with varnish dammar. These were incubated and analyzed by GC-MS to determine both the microbiological capacity of growth and chemical alteration on the resin. Some of the studied microorganisms have shown patterns of deterioration similar to those found in works dedicated to natural or accelerated photochemical ageing of triterpenoid varnishes.

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GC-MS characterization of paint varnishes

Cited by 90 publications

References 17 publications

An approach to the study of the fungal deterioration of a classical art material: Mastic varnish

An approach to the study of the fungal deterioration of a classical art material: Mastic varnish

Yield and Characteristics of Pyrolysis Products Obtained from Schizochytrium limacinum under Different Temperature Regimes

Biodeterioration patterns found in dammar resin used as art material

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