GC–MS characterisation and antibacterial activity evaluation ofNigella sativaoil against diverse strains ofSalmonella

Abstract

Salmonella resistance is becoming a worldwide serious health issue in these days; therefore, it is an urgent need to develop some alternative approaches to overcome this problem. Twenty bacterial strains were isolated and purified from different environmental sources and confirmed as Salmonella by morphological and biochemical analyses. Further confirmation was done by 16s rRNA sequencing. Antibiotic susceptibility test was performed by well diffusion assay against different concentrations of Ceftriaxone and Ciprofloxacin. The behaviour of both antibiotics was different against diverse strains of Salmonella. Salmonella strains resistant to both antibiotics were analysed for antibacterial activity of natural extracts of Nigella sativa (black seeds). N. sativa oil was found to be more effective against Salmonella species for which even Ceftriaxone and Ciprofloxacin were ineffective. Gas chromatography and mass spectrometry analysis of N. sativa oil was also accomplished, exhibiting 10 compounds including thymoquinone, p-cymene, cis-carveol, thymol, α-phellandrene, α-pinene, β-pinene, trans-anethole, α-longipinene and longifolene.

Finding novel antibiotic substances from medicinal plants — Antimicrobial properties of Nigella sativa directed against multidrug resistant bacteria

“…N. sativa oil and crude extract were analyzed for their effects on the growth of six Salmonella variants including S. paratyphi, S. enteritidis, S. typhimurium, S. heidelberg , and S. agona applying the well diffusion assay and broth dilution method [20]. By utilizing antibiotic susceptibility tests, all tested Salmonella strains were exposed to the synthetic antibiotic compounds ceftriaxone and ciprofloxacin and proven to be resistant.…”

Phytochemical Analysis of Nigella sativa L. Utilizing GC-MS Exploring its Antimicrobial Effects against Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria

“…The identity and quantifying of the oil components have been assigned by the comparison of their retention indices and mass spectra fragmentation patterns with those stored on the computer library and the reference standards calibration curves. 22 …”

Nigella sativa L. oil ameliorates insulin resistance caused by dexamethasone treatment in male Wistar rats

“…Chemical characterization of the components of NSO has previously been conducted and suggests that thymoquinone and p-cymene were the most abundant chemical moieties (Sarwar and Latif, 2015). Thymoquinone has been shown to reduce blood glucose in various models of diabetes (Darakhshan et al, 2015) and this is likely to be via its ability to modulate enzymes involved in hepatic gluconeogenesis (Fararh et al, 2005;Pari and Sankaranarayanan, 2009) This needs confirmation and may be direction for further studies.…”

“…Thymoquinone is identified as one of the most active ingredients of the plant and has been isolated from the oil (Sarwar and Latif, 2015). NSO has several pharmacological activities including antibacterial, antifungal, anti-neoplastic, neuroprotective and antihyperglycemic activities (Ahmad et al, 2013;Imam et al, 2016).…”