GC-MS analysis of the methanolic extracts of Smilax china and Salix alba and their antioxidant activity

Abstract

Smilax china L. (family Smilacaceae) and Salix alba L. (family Salicaceae) are plants that have been traditionally used to treat various ailments in Indian and Chinese medicine. A quantitative estimation of the methanolic extracts of these plants was performed by GC-MS analysis to obtain insight into its phytoconstituents responsible for therapeutic action. The antioxidant potential of the methanol extracts of Smilax china (MESC) and Salix alba (MESA) were assessedwith DPPH by using a UV spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 517 nm. The prevailing compounds found in MESC were lactam sugars including 2,5-dimethyl-2,4-dihydroxy-3(2H)-furanon (1.40%), 1,5-anhydro-6-deoxyhexo-2,3-diulose (4.33%), and alpha-methyl-1-sorboside (1.80%); the two alkaloids found were 1,4-methane-4,4a,5,6,7,8,9,9a-octahydro-10,10-dimethyl cyclohepta[d] pyridazine (0.87%) and 1,3,7-trimethyl-2,6-dioxopurine(0.54%); terpenes included deltacadinene (0.39%), terpineol, ( +) -cedrol (22.13%), 3-thujanol (0.77%), and 9,10-dehydro-cycloisolongifolene (0.34%); fatty acids included cis-vaccenic acid (4.98%) and telfairic acid (1.10%); esters included 1,2,3-propanetriol diacetate (7.56%), 7-hexadecenoic acid, methyl ester (1.77%), eicosanoic acid, and methyl ester (0.95%); and glycerol included 1,2,3-propanetriol (28.75%). The interesting compounds found in MESA were reducing sugars like D-allose (4.40%) and pyrogallol (10.48%), alkaloids like caffeine (63.49%), and esters like methyl octadecanoate (0.53%). Both fractions revealed considerable antioxidant activity. The reported existing phenolic compounds and terpenes are responsible for the antioxidant activity of the plant extracts.

A Comparative Analysis of Phytochemicals, Metal Ions, Volatile Metabolites in Heart Wood, Stem Bark and Leaves of Salix alba L. along with in Vitro Antioxidant, Antacid, Antimicrobial Activities for Sake of Environment Conservation by Substitution of Stem Bark With Leaf

“…The % peak area of the major phytochemicals present in SA‐L namely, 2‐myristynoyl pantetheine (5.97 min), 1,1‐bis(dodecyloxy)hexadecane (7.48 min), albocycline (19.46 min), 17‐Octadecynoic acid (26.15 min), palmitic acid (28.53 min), Z,E‐3,13‐Octadecadien‐1‐ol (28.53 min), α‐Linolenic acid (31.85 min), salicin (38.00 min), and erucylamide (41.98 min) were found to be 3.48 %, 3.78 %, 1.57 %, 2.11 %, 6.87 %, 2.57 %, 6.99 %, 13.5 %, and 59.13 %, respectively. In GC‐MS study of methanolic extract compounds like D‐allose (4.40 %) and pyrogallol (10.48 %), alkaloids like caffeine (63.49 %), and esters like methyl octadecanoate (0.53 %) has been reported [18] . The Salix compounds are observed in tea leaves as well tea compounds has been reported in Salix, [18] so there is prominent evidence to use Salix stem or leaves as tea.…”

“…In GC‐MS study of methanolic extract compounds like D‐allose (4.40 %) and pyrogallol (10.48 %), alkaloids like caffeine (63.49 %), and esters like methyl octadecanoate (0.53 %) has been reported [18] . The Salix compounds are observed in tea leaves as well tea compounds has been reported in Salix, [18] so there is prominent evidence to use Salix stem or leaves as tea. In present study, leaves have shown prominent applicability to be utilized as tea source.…”

Comparison of the Anti-asthmatic Potential of Himalayan Plants Lonicera obovata Royle and Morina longifolia Wall: An in vivo Study

“…[30] 6,9,12-Octadecatrienoic acid, phenylmethyl ester, (Z,Z,Z) possesses anticancer, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and pesticidal properties and treats inflammation. [33] Both the plants have common phytoconstituents with some properties such as Cis-Vaccenic acid exhibits activities like antiallergic, anti-inflammatory; [34] antibacterial, hypolipidemic; [35] antioxidant, tyrosinase inhibition, [36] and anti-cancerous. [37] 6-Octadecenoic acid has antioxidant potential, [38] and has antimicrobial and anti-aging properties, and treats cancer.…”

Metabolomics and Network Pharmacology in the Exploration of the Multi-Targeted Therapeutic Approach of Traditional Medicinal Plants

“… 4-nitroguaiacol, 3-cyclohexen-1-ol,4-methyl-1-(methylethyl), Nonanoic acid,1-methyl ethyl ester, Flavone, 5Decenedioic acid,5,6dimethyl, dimethyl ester, Oleic acid, Z, E-2-methyl-3,13-octadecadien-1-ol, 2,4-ditertbutylphenol, 2,6,6,10-tetramethylundeca-8,10-diene-3,7-dione [ 90 ] GC-FID-MS (Qualitative) Column: 30 m × 0.25 mm; 0.25 μm Medium: Helium as carrier gas, flow rate of 1 mL/min Thymol, Carvacrol, Eugenol, Tetradecanal, iso-Longifolol [ 91 ] 42 Sugarcane molasses (Plants) Rtx-5MS GC-MS (Qualitative) Column: 30 m × 0.25 mm × 0.25 µm Medium: Helium as carrier gas, flow rate of 1 mL/min Ethylene glycol, Lactic acid, Acetic acid, Glyceric acid, Glyceric acid isomer, Ribitol, Glucitol, Malic acid, Citric acid, Threonic acid, Fructose, Inositol, etc. [ 92 ] 43 Swertia chirata (Leaf) Elite-5MS LC-MS (Qualitative and quantitative) Column: 30 m × 0.25 mm I.D., 0.25 µm Medium: Helium as carrier gas, flow rate of 1.1 mL/min Xanthone, Succinic acid, Viminalol, O, N-Permythylated N-Acetyllsine, Hexadecanoic acid, Cis-13-Octadecenoic acid, Tetracosanoic acid [ 93 ] 44 Tagetes erecta (Flower) GC-MS (Qualitative and quantitative) Colum: HP-5MS (30 m × 0.25 mm ID × 0.25 µm) Medium: Helium as carrier gas, flow rate of 0.56 mL/min Caryophyllene, Germacrene, Spathulenol, Palmitic acid, Heptadecanoic acid, Linolenic acid-metil ester, Bicyclogermacrene [ 94 ] 45 Tarconanthus camphorantus (Leaf) DB-1 GC-MS (Qualitative and quantitative) …”