GC-MS Analysis of n-hexane Extract of Stem Bark of Symplocos crataegoides Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don

Abstract

The stem bark of the plant Symplocos crataegoides Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don, Fam. Symplocaceae is extensively used in Indian medicine under the names of Lodhra/Patikalodhra. S. crataegoides is a deciduous shrub or a tree, distributed in the Himalayas from Punjab to Assam, Khasi hills and Burma. 1,2 As per Ayurvedic references the term Lodhra denotes the stem bark of Symplocos racemosa/Symplocos crataegoides and considered as most useful remedy for uterine complaints, vaginal and menstrual disorders. In Sanskrit the name Lodhra means that it stops ocular discharges. The drug is useful in digestive disorders, eye diseases and ulcers. Decoction of the bark is used as a gargle in bleeding gums. Its astringent property is utilized for curing loose motions. It is used as aphrodisiac, useful in dropsy, elephantiasis and in fat in urine (Lipiduria). The bark is used in the treatment of opthalmia, tonic and to prevent abortion. 1,3-7 The important Ayurvedic formulations in which Lodhra is used as one of the ingredients are Lodhrasavam, Gandhatailam, Dasamularistam, Draksadi kasayam, Pusyanugacurnam, etc. 8 The Nyagrodhadi Kvatha Curna contains both Symplocos racemosa and Symplocos GC-MS Analysis of n-hexane Extract of Stem Bark of Symplocos crataegoides Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don ABSTRACT Context: The stem barks of the plant Symplocos crataegoides Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don (syn. Symplocos paniculata (Thunb.) Miq.), Fam. Symplocaceae is extensively used in Indian medicine under the names of Lodhra/Patikalodhra. Mainly it is used to cure uterine complaints, vaginal and menstrual disorders. Aim: To investigate the phytochemicals from the n-hexane extract of the stem bark of Symplocos crataegoides Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don., using GC-MS analysis. Materials and Methods: Stem bark of S.crataegoides was extracted by Soxhlet extraction method using n-hexane. The extract was injected by splitless injection mode into the GC MS 5975 C Agilent equipped with a QP-5000 (quadrupole) Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer. Results: Identification of 57 compounds from n-hexane extract. Those compounds were identified by close matches with standard MS spectra and compared with NIST-11 and WILEY library data. Undecane (7.51%) was found as major compound followed by Isopropyl myristate, Dodecane, 1,2,4-trimethyl-benzene, Octacosane, 2-methyl-decane, 2-ethyl-1,2-dimethyl-benzene, 1,2,3,5-tetramethyl-benzene etc., other constituents were found to be in traceable quantities. Conclusion: GC-MS analysis of S. crataegoides revealed certain interesting facts of presentation of various phytoconstituents in the stem bark. The presence of various phytoconstituents contributes to the medicinal activity of the plant.

GC-FID and GC-MS profiling and <i>in vitro</i> antidiabetic and antioxidant activities of <i>Chenopodium ambrosioides</i> L.

“…Germacrene D-4-ol (Gillij et al, 2008), hexadecanoic acid (Pino et al, 2003), and octadecanoic acid (Shah & Khan, 2017) without their esters were identified in essential and the methanol (ethyl acetate) extract. In the line of our results, tetradecane, caryophyllene oxide, hexadecanoic acid, caryophyllene, germacrene D, 9, 12-octadecadienoic acid, methyl ester, oleic acid, phytol, tetradecane, squalene, heneicosane, and methyl derivatives have been identified by GC-MS analysis in the n-hexane fraction/extract of different plant species (Godwin et al, 2015;Govindarajan et al, 2016;Ivanov et al, 2018;Nadaf et al, 2012). It has been observed that in the n-hexane fraction or extract of different plants, there is a remarkable variability of compounds, particularly the methyl esters.…”

Chemical Constituents and Antimicrobial Activity of a Ganoderma lucidum (Curtis.) P. Karst. Aqueous Ammonia Extract

“…Undecane was previously identified as a major constituent of the extract of the stem bark of Symplocos crataegoides Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don (7.5%) [ 37 ], Opuntia ficus indica (L.) Mill (20%) [ 38 ], Seseli pallasii Besser (13.3%), T. baccata (12.2%) [ 29 ], and in smaller percentages in the essential oils of Hypericum hirsutum L. [ 39 ] and Lantana camara L. [ 40 ]. There is no clear information available on the mechanism of action of undecane as an antimicrobial agent.…”

A glândula metapleural de formigas (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) com diferentes estilos de vida: morfologia e volatilômica

“…brunneum (Pereira et al, 2019). Dodecano presente apenas em P. clavata é relatado pela primeira vez em formigas, sendo encontrado em extratos da casca de planta medicinal nativa da Ásia Symplocos crataegoides (Govindarajan et al 2016). Dodecano, n-Heptadecano, n-Nonadecano e n-Pentacosano foram identificados no extrato de três espécies de Hypericum, uma planta medicinal, com atividade antidepressiva, antinociceptiva e antimicrobiana (Zorzetto et al, 2015).…”