GC-MS analysis and hepatoprotective activity of then-hexane extract ofAcrocarpus fraxinifoliusleaves against paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity in male albino rats

Abstract

Context: In Egypt, the burden of liver diseases is exceptionally high.Objective: To investigate the components of the n-hexane extract of Acrocarpus fraxinifolius Arn. (Leguminosae) and its hepatoprotective activity against paracetamol (APAP)-induced hepatotoxicity in rats.Material and methods: TRACE GC ultra gas chromatogaphic spectrometry was used for extract analysis. Thirty albino rats were divided into six groups (five rats in each). Group 1 was the healthy control; Groups 2 and 3 were healthy treated groups (250 and 500 mg/kg b.w. of the extract, respectively) for seven days. Group 4 was hepatotoxicity control (APAP intoxicated group). Groups 5 and 6 received APAP + extract 250 and APAP + extract 500, respectively.Results: Chromatographic analysis revealed the presence of 36 components. Major compounds were α-tocopherol (18.23%), labda-8 (20)-13-dien-15-oic acid (13.15%), lupeol (11.93%), phytol (10.95%) and squalene (7.19%). In the acute oral toxicity study, the mortality rates and behavioural signs of toxicity were zero in all groups (doses from 0 to 5 g/kg b.w. of A. fraxinifolius). LD50 was found to be greater than 5 g/kg of the extract. Only the high dose (500 mg/kg b.w.) of extract significantly alleviated the liver relative weight (4.01 ± 0.06) and biomarkers, as serum aspartate aminotransferase (62.87 ± 1.41), alanine aminotransferase (46.74 ± 1.45), alkaline phosphatase (65.96 ± 0.74), lipid profiles (180.39 ± 3.51), bilirubin profiles (2.30 ± 0.06) and hepatic lipid peroxidation (114.20 ± 2.06), and increased body weight (11.58 ± 0.20), serum protein profile (11.09 ± 0.46) and hepatic total antioxidant capacity (23.78 ± 0.66) in APAP-induced hepatotoxicity in rats.Conclusion: Our study proves the antihepatotoxic/antioxidant efficacies of A. fraxinifolius hexane extract.

Pink Cedar (Acrocarpus fraxinifolius): its prophylactic role against APAP–induced organs toxicity in rats and its antiviral activity against Herpes simplex virus type 1

“…Our previous studies have indicated that nHEAFL (500 mg/kg,p.o, for 7 to 21 days) plays an important role in improving GSH status and total anti-oxidant capacity in intoxicated rats with APAP [2,23]. In this study, the high level of GSH in response to nHEAFL may result from increased activity of cellular anti-oxidant enzymes and decreased cellular lipid peroxidation.…”

“…N-acetyl-p-aminophenol (APAP), also known as paracetamol or acetaminophen, is a nonprescription drug used as an analgesic, and anti-pyretic drug globally, considered safe and effective at therapeutic doses [2]. APAP toxicity is one of the main causes of poisoning world-wide.…”

“…Several studies reported that APAP exerts acute and/or chronic hepato-toxicity, nephro-toxicity, cardiotoxicity effects, gastrointestinal complications and hyperplasia of splenic tissue [1,2,[8][9][10][11][12][13]. 75% of blood advent to the liver arrives directly from gastro-intestinal organs, and then goes to the spleen by portal veins that bring drugs as foreign substances and xenobiotics in near-undiluted form.…”

“…It common name pink cedar, mundani or shingle tree [2,18]. The extracts of the plant were reported to have anti-oxidant, anti-diabetic, anti-proliferative, anti-inflammatory, and hepatoprotective activities in vivo [2,[19][20][21][22][23] as well as antitumor activity in vitro [18] [. In general, Caesalpinieae (9 subtribes that have more than 47 genera) have a spectrum of biological activities including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, anti-diabetic, anti-fungal, anti-bacterial, hepato-protective, gastro-protective, analgesic, anti-arthritic, anti-filarial, anti-malarial, anthelmintic, amoebicidal, diuretic, anti-psoriatic, anti-estrogenic, anti-fertility, wound-healing, anxiolytic, cardio-protective, immunemodulatory,and anti-HIV [2,[18][19][20][21].…”

Chemical Characterization of N-Hexane Extract Obtained from Lignocellulose Residual Contained in Agroindustrial Wastes

“…Extracts of Vateria copallifera bark have potential for the development of therapeutic agents in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases [21]. Other extracts with hepatoprotective activity have been found [22].…”