GC-MS Analysis and Gastroprotective Evaluations of Crude Extracts, Isolated Saponins, and Essential Oil from Polygonum hydropiper L.

Ayaz, Muhammad; Junaid, Muhammad; Ullah, Farhat; Sadiq, Abdul; Shahid, Muhammad; Ahmad, Waqar; Ullah, Ihsan; Ahmad, Ashfaq; Syed, Nawazish-i-Husain

doi:10.3389/fchem.2017.00058

Cited by 40 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Several species of Polygonaceae family have been reported for their potential effectiveness in Parkinson’s disease ( Chen et al, 2007 ), cerebral ischemia ( Chan et al, 2003 ) and other neurodegenerative disorders ( Yang et al, 2005 ; Liu et al, 2010 ). Recently solvent extracts and essential oils from P. hydropiper have been reported to exhibit anticholinesterase, antioxidant and gastroprotective activities ( Ayaz et al, 2014a , 2015 , 2017a ). On this basis, in the current study the most potent fraction was subjected to extraction techniques and β-sitosterol was isolated which was subjected to various in vitro, in vivo , behavioral and molecular docking studies for its prospective effectiveness in the treatment of AD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-Alzheimer’s Studies on β-Sitosterol Isolated from Polygonum hydropiper L.

et al. 2017

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The family Polygonaceae is known for its traditional use in the management of various neurological disorders including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In search of new anti-AD drugs, β-sitosterol isolated from Polygonum hydropiper was subjected to in vitro, in vivo, behavioral and molecular docking studies to confirm its possibility as a potential anti-Alzheimer’s agent. The in vitro AChE, BChE inhibitory potentials of β-sitosterol were investigated following Ellman’s assay. The antioxidant activity was tested using DPPH, ABTS and H2O2 assays. Behavioral studies were performed on a sub-strain of transgenic mice using shallow water maze (SWM), Y-maze and balance beam tests. β-sitosterol was tested for in vivo inhibitory potentials against cholinesterase’s and free radicals in the frontal cortex (FC) and hippocampus (HC). The molecular docking study was performed to predict the binding mode of β-sitosterol in the active sites of AChE and BChE as inhibitor. Considerable in vitro and in vivo cholinesterase inhibitory effects were observed in the β-sitosterol treated groups. β-sitosterol exhibited an IC50 value of 55 and 50 μg/ml against AChE and BChE respectively. Whereas, the activity of these enzymes were significantly low in FC and HC homogenates of transgenic animals. Molecular docking studies also support the binding of β-sitosterol with the target enzyme and further support the in vitro and in vivo results. In the antioxidant assays, the IC50 values were observed as 140, 120, and 280 μg/ml in the DPPH, ABTS and H2O2 assays respectively. The free radicals load in the brain tissues was significantly declined in the β-sitosterol treated animals as compared to the transgenic-saline treated groups. In the memory assessment and coordination tasks including SWM, Y-maze and balance beam tests, β-sitosterol treated transgenic animals showed gradual improvement in working memory, spontaneous alternation behavior and motor coordination. These results conclude that β-sitosterol is a potential compound for the management of memory deficit disorders like AD.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-Alzheimer’s Studies on β-Sitosterol Isolated from Polygonum hydropiper L.

et al. 2017

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“…The detected compounds were identified by comparing their retention times with those of authentic compounds and the spectral data obtained from the Wiley and NIST libraries, as well as comparisons of the fragmentation pattern of the mass spectra with data published in the literature. Each determination was carried out in duplicate [ 32 , 33 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anticholinesterase and antioxidant potentials of Nonea micrantha Bioss. & Reut along with GC-MS analysis

Imran

Ullah

Ayaz

et al. 2017

BMC Complement Altern Med

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Background Nonea micrantha Boiss. & Reut . being an unexplored member of Boraginaceae was investigated for GC/MS analysis, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitory and antioxidant activities in an attempt to find its effectiveness in neurological disorders.MethodsThe AChE and BChE inhibitory activities of crude methanolic extract (Nm.Cr), subsequent fractions; n-hexane (Nm.Hex), chloroform (Nm.Cf), ethyl acetate (Nm.EtAc), aqueous (Nm.Aq) and crude saponins (Nm.Sp) from N. micrantha were conducted using Ellman’s assay. The antioxidant activity of the plant samples using DPPH and ABTS free radical scavenging potential following quantitative spectrophotometric and qualitative TLC method were also studied. Moreover the total reducing power (TRP) of all the samples was also figured out.ResultsThe GC/Ms analysis confirmed that the plant is rich in bioactive molecules. Among different fractions, Nm.Hex, Nm.EtAc and Nm.Cf exhibited highest AChE inhibitory activities causing 75.51 ± 0.73, 68.54 ± 0.59 and 63.48 ± 0.59% enzyme inhibition respectively and IC50 of 44, 100 and 144 μg/mL respectively. In BChE inhibiton assay, Nm.Aq, Nm.Sp and Nm.Cr showed highest activity causing 83.49 ± 0.27, 81.49 ± 0.89 and 75.31 ± 0.56% enzyme inhibition with IC50 of 90, 110 and 44 μg/mL respectively. In DPPH assay, Nm.Aq, Nm.Cf, Nm.Hex and Nm.Cr were most potent exhibiting IC50 values of 3, 5, 93 and 120 μg/ml respectively. In ABTS assay Nm.EtAc, Nm.Aq, Nm.Sp and Nm.Cr showed IC50 values of 60, 95, 100 and 150 μg/mL respectively. Likewise ABTS inhibition was most prominent for Nm.Sp, Nm.EtAc and Nm.Aq causing 78.26 ± 0.49, 67.67 ± 0.73 and 63.58 ± 0.45% inhibition respectively at 1 mg/mL. These results were further confirmed by qualitative screening using DPPH and ABTS staining.ConclusionsOur anticholinesterase and antioxidant results signify the N. micrantha as a potential source of natural bioactive compounds. Moreover isolation of natural bioactive compounds from this plant may lead to novel drug candidates against neurodegenerative disorders.

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“…The filtrate was concentrated at 40 • C using a rotary evaporator to obtain methanolic extract (600 g with yield 3.8%). The crude extract (500 g) was dispersed in distilled water (500 mL) and sequentially extracted with n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate to obtain polarity-based fractions [29][30][31][32]. All fractions were subjected to preliminary anti-leishmanial screening, and the ethyl acetate fraction was found to be the most effective.…”

Section: Plant Material Extraction and Fractionationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Benzoic Acid Derivatives of Ifloga spicata (Forssk.) Sch.Bip. as Potential Anti-Leishmanial against Leishmania tropica

et al. 2019

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This study aimed to appraise the anti-leishmanial potentials of benzoic acid derivatives, including methyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate (compound 1) and octadecyl benzoate (compound 2), isolated from the ethnomedicinally important plant Ifloga spicata (I. spicata). Chemical structures were elucidated via FT-IR, mass spectrometry, and multinuclear (1H and 13C) NMR spectroscopy. Anti-leishmanial potentials of the compounds were assessed using Leishmania tropica promastigotes. Moreover, acridine orange fluorescent staining was performed to visualize the apoptosis-associated changes in promastigotes under a fluorescent microscope. A SYTOX assay was used to check rupturing of Leishmania promastigote cell membranes using 0.1% Triton X-100 as positive control. A DNA interaction assay was carried out to assess DNA attachment potential. AutoDock software was used to check the binding affinity of compounds with surface enzyme leishmanolysin gp63 (1LML). Both compounds exhibited considerable anti-leishmanial potential, with LD50 values of 10.40 ± 0.09 and 14.11 ± 0.11 μg/mL for compound 1 and compound 2, respectively. Both compounds showed higher binding affinity with the leishmanolysin (gp63) receptor/protease of Leishmania, as assessed using computational analysis. The binding scores of compounds 1 and 2 with target gp63 were −5.3 and −5.6, respectively. The attachment of compounds with this receptor resulted in their entry into the cell where they bound with Leishmania DNA, causing apoptosis. The results confirmed that the investigated compounds have anti-leishmanial potential and are potential substitutes as natural anti-leishmanial agents against L. tropica.

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GC-MS Analysis and Gastroprotective Evaluations of Crude Extracts, Isolated Saponins, and Essential Oil from Polygonum hydropiper L.

Cited by 40 publications

References 45 publications

Anti-Alzheimer’s Studies on β-Sitosterol Isolated from Polygonum hydropiper L.

Anti-Alzheimer’s Studies on β-Sitosterol Isolated from Polygonum hydropiper L.

Anticholinesterase and antioxidant potentials of Nonea micrantha Bioss. & Reut along with GC-MS analysis

Benzoic Acid Derivatives of Ifloga spicata (Forssk.) Sch.Bip. as Potential Anti-Leishmanial against Leishmania tropica

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