GB Virus C/Hepatitis G Virus (GBV‐C/HGV): still looking for a disease

Sathar, Mahomed A.; Soni, Paresh N.; York, Denis

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2613.2000.00166.x

Cited by 16 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 208 publications

(328 reference statements)

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“…The overall prevalence of GBV‐C viremia has been shown to be higher among high‐risk groups with parenteral exposures, for example, PWID and haemodialysis patients, compared to blood donors [Sathar et al, ; Christensen et al, ; Reshetnyak et al, ]. Our study found GBV‐C viremia in Estonia to be 33% and 6% among PWIDs and healthy volunteers, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 48%

“…The prevalence of GBV‐C viremia in general populations varies, being lower (1–5%) in developed countries and higher (up to 20%) in developing countries [Wachtler et al, ; Reshetnyak et al, ; Mohr and Stapleton, ]. However, in individuals with various underlying conditions, for example, HIV positive (HIV+) persons, patients receiving haemodialysis, people who inject drugs (PWID), the occurrence of GBV‐C viremia up to 45% has been reported [Rey et al, ; Sathar et al, ; Reshetnyak et al, ]. GBV‐C viremia is particularly of interest in the context of HIV‐1 and GBV‐C co‐infection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence and genotypes of GBV‐C and its associations with HIV infection among persons who inject drugs in Eastern Europe

Jõgeda

Huik

Pauskar

et al. 2016

Journal of Medical Virology

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We aimed to determine the rate of GBV-C viremia, seropositivity, and genotypes among people who inject drugs (PWID) and healthy volunteers in Estonia and to evaluate associations between GBV-C and sociodemographic factors, intravenous drug use, co-infections. The study included 345 Caucasian PWID and 118 healthy volunteers. The presence of GBV-C RNA (viremia) was determined by reverse transcriptase-nested PCR in 5' long terminal repeat. PCR products were sequenced and genotyped by phylogenetic analysis. GBV-C seropositivity was determined by ELISA. One third of PWID (114/345) and 6% (7/118) of healthy volunteers (OR = 7.8, 95% CI = 3.5-20.5, P < 0.001) were GBV-C viremic. In PWID group, 79% of sequences belonged to subtype 2a, 19% to subtype 2b, and two remained unclassified. In healthy volunteers, six out of seven sequences belonged to subtype 2a and one to subtype 2b. We found HIV+ PWID to have two times increased odds of being GBV-C viremic compared to HIV- PWID (62% vs. 38%; OR = 2.13, 95% CI = 1.34-3.36, P = 0.001). In addition, odds of being GBV-C viremic decreased with increasing age (OR = 0.94, 95% CI = 0.90-0.98, P = 0.001). HIV positivity remained associated with GBV-C viremia in multivariate analysis after adjustment for age (OR = 2.23, 95% CI = 1.39-3.58, P = 0.001). GBV-C seropositivity was similar among PWID and healthy volunteers (2.3% vs. 1.7%, respectively; OR = 1.4, 95% CI =0.3-13.5, P = 1). In an Eastern European country we demonstrated that GBV-C viremia is common among PWID, but uncommon among healthy volunteers, and GBV-C seropositivity is infrequent among both groups. Similarly to other European countries and USA, GBV-C 2a is the most common genotype in Estonia. J. Med. Virol. 89:632-638, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 48%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and genotypes of GBV‐C and its associations with HIV infection among persons who inject drugs in Eastern Europe

Jõgeda

Huik

Pauskar

et al. 2016

Journal of Medical Virology

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“…Several studies have shown that serum samples that are positive for the antibodies are negative for viral RNA and vice versa which makes HPgV anti-E2 a marker for resolved infection. 35 HPgV anti-E2 was detected in 6 of 15 liver transplant patients, 5 of 15 children with decompensated liver disease and 1 of 20 controls (Table 2). This indicates that there was previous HPgV infection in the HPgV anti-E2 positive children.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Human Pegivirus (HPgV) Infection among Filipino Children with Decompensated Liver Disease Secondary to Biliary Cirrhosis and Liver Transplant Pediatric Patients

Aquino¹,

Dalmacio²,

Gregorio³

2020

Acta Med Philipp

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Background. Human Pegivirus (HPgV), previously called Hepatitis G virus or GB virus C, is an RNA virus. It can be transmitted vertically (mother to infant), parenterally and sexually. HPgV share common routes of transmission to other viruses such as Hepatitis B virus, Hepatitis C virus and Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV) thus co-infection is usually observed. Risk groups of HPgV include injection drug users, HIV-positive individuals, multi-transfused patients, hemodialysis patients, hemophiliacs, chronic liver disease patients and organ transplant recipients. The clinical significance of HPgV is not yet established and warrants further studies. Research on HPgV in the Philippines is scarce and has not been updated for over 10 years. There is no published data on HPgV prevalence in Filipino pediatric population specifically among risk groups like multi-transfused children with decompensated liver disease secondary to biliary cirrhosis and liver transplant pediatric patients. The lack of local data warrants conduct of this study.Objective. To determine the presence of HPgV RNA, HPgV E2 antibody (anti-E2) and HBsAg among Filipino children with decompensated liver disease secondary to biliary cirrhosis (DBC) and liver transplant pediatric patients (LTP).Methods. Included were 15 children with DBC and 15 LTP recruited from the Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition of the UP PGH. All patients’ sera were tested for HPgV RNA by Real Time RT-PCR, HPgV anti-E2 by Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) by immunochromatographic test. Twenty age and sex matched children with no history of liver disease and blood transfusion served as controls.Results. All patient and control samples were negative for HPgV RNA. HPgV anti-E2 was detected in 6 of 15 LTP, 5 of 15 DBC and 1 of 20 controls. HBsAg was detected in 2 of 15 LTP, 5 of 15 DBC and 0 of 20 controls. Four patients (two LTP, two DBC) were positive for both HPgV anti-E2 and HBsAg.Conclusion. This study showed that a proportion of liver transplant patients and those with decompensated biliary cirrhosis are positive for HPgV anti-E2, which indicates that these individuals previously had HPgV infection but is now resolved. Possible source of infection is infected blood from the blood transfusions, infected transplant organ or infected mother. Since routine HPgV screening is not yet recommended for the general population, blood donors and organ donors, the confirmation of exact source of infection may be difficult. Co-infection with HBsAg was also observed in both risk groups which suggests that at some point in time, these children were infected by both HPgV and HBV and also the possibility of simultaneous infection by the two viruses. This study provides preliminary data on the proportion of HPgV infection in Filipino children belonging to two of the HPgV risk groups. Studies with a larger and more significant sample size to determine HPgV prevalence as well as studies regarding the pathogenicity of HPgV are warranted. As this may provide basis for routine HPgV screening among risk groups and blood donations in the future.

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“…Sometimes, multiple GBV-C genotypes that display a propensity to recombine may infect the same person (Slavov et al, 2019;dos Santos Bezerra et al, 2020). Vertical, parental and sexual transmission of GBV-C have been reported (Sathar et al, 2000). The frequency and occurrence of the GBV-C infection are higher in risk groups that are vulnerable to sexually transmitted or blood-borne infections (Scallan et al, 1998;Christensen et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Untitled

2022

JJBS

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Study areas include cell biology, genomics, microbiology, immunology, molecular biology, biochemistry, embryology, immunogenetics, cell and tissue culture, molecular ecology, genetic engineering and biological engineering, bioremediation and biodegradation, bioinformatics, biotechnology regulations, gene therapy, organismal biology, microbial and environmental biotechnology, marine sciences. The JJBS welcomes the submission of manuscript that meets the general criteria of significance and academic excellence. All articles published in JJBS are peerreviewed. Papers will be published approximately one to two months after acceptance.

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GB Virus C/Hepatitis G Virus (GBV‐C/HGV): still looking for a disease

Cited by 16 publications

References 208 publications

Prevalence and genotypes of GBV‐C and its associations with HIV infection among persons who inject drugs in Eastern Europe

Prevalence and genotypes of GBV‐C and its associations with HIV infection among persons who inject drugs in Eastern Europe

Detection of Human Pegivirus (HPgV) Infection among Filipino Children with Decompensated Liver Disease Secondary to Biliary Cirrhosis and Liver Transplant Pediatric Patients

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