Gaze-Wasserstein: a quantitative screening approach to autism spectrum disorders

Cho, Kun Woo; Lin, Feng; Song, Chen; Xu, Xiaowei; Hartley-McAndrew, Michelle; Doody, Kathy Ralabate; Xu, Wenyao

doi:10.1109/wh.2016.7764551

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…2 A ). Next, we used the earth mover’s distance (EMD; Rubner et al, 2000 ; Rohrbein et al, 2015 ; Cho et al, 2016 ; Orlova et al, 2016 ; Yilmaz, 2021 ), known in mathematics as the Wasserstein metric, to measure between-group differences in gaze distribution in terms of location, i.e., x-y grid, and frequency, i.e., the obtained density. To address whether gaze patterns statistically differed between the ASD and TD groups, we used a permutation test.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Speech Reception in Young Children with Autism Is Selectively Indexed by a Neural Oscillation Coupling Anomaly

Wang,

Delgado,

Marchesotti

et al. 2023

J. Neurosci.

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Communication difficulties are one of the core criteria in diagnosing ASD, and are often characterized by speech reception difficulties, whose biological underpinnings are not yet identified. This deficit could denote atypical neuronal ensemble activity, as reflected by neural oscillations. Atypicalcross-frequency oscillation coupling,in particular, could disrupt the joint tracking and prediction of dynamic acoustic stimuli, a dual process that is essential for speech comprehension. Whether such oscillatory anomalies already exist in very young children with ASD, and with what specificity they relate to individual language reception capacity is unknown. We collected neural activity data using electroencephalography (EEG) in 64 very young children with and without ASD (mean age 3; 17 females, 47 males) while they were exposed to naturalistic-continuous speech. EEG power of frequency bands typically associated with phrase-level chunking (delta, 1-3 Hz), phonemic encoding (low-gamma, 25-35 Hz), and top-down control (beta, 12-20 Hz) were markedly reduced in ASD relative to typically developing (TD) children. Speech neural tracking by delta and theta (4-8 Hz) oscillations was also weaker in ASD compared to TD children. After controlling gaze-pattern differences, we found that the classical theta/gamma coupling was replaced by an atypical beta/gamma coupling in children with ASD. This anomaly was the single most specific predictor of individual speech reception difficulties in ASD children. These findings suggest that early interventions (e.g., neurostimulation) targeting the disruption of beta/gamma coupling and the upregulation of theta/gamma coupling could improve speech processing coordination in young children with ASD and help them engage in oral interactions.Significance StatementVery young children already present marked alterations of neural oscillatory activity in response to natural speech at the time of ASD diagnosis.Hierarchical processing of phonemic- and syllabic-range information (theta/gamma coupling) is disrupted in ASD children.Abnormal bottom-up (low-gamma) and top-down (low-beta) coordination specifically predicts speech reception deficits in very young ASD children, and no other cognitive deficit.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Speech Reception in Young Children with Autism Is Selectively Indexed by a Neural Oscillation Coupling Anomaly

Wang,

Delgado,

Marchesotti

et al. 2023

J. Neurosci.

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“…Since the diagnosis of autism is challenging and no biomarker is available [ 51 ], the development of computational models based on early abnormalities such as the differences in gaze processing might be of substantial help to improve and anticipate the diagnosis, thus, making it possible to initiate treatment at an earlier stage, when it is most effective [ 52 ]. Eye tracking measurements that might prove to be useful as early biomarkers include dysregulations in pupil dilation [ 53 , 54 , 55 ], changes in saccadic behavior, differences in gaze patterns during vision exposure to social stimuli [ 56 , 57 , 58 ] and analysis of scan paths or gaze patterns [ 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 ]. Some studies combined eye tracking data with other measurements such as resting-state EEG data [ 65 , 66 , 67 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Eye Tracking Technology in Medicine: A Bibliometric Analysis

Zammarchi

Conversano

2021

Vision

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Eye tracking provides a quantitative measure of eye movements during different activities. We report the results from a bibliometric analysis to investigate trends in eye tracking research applied to the study of different medical conditions. We conducted a search on the Web of Science Core Collection (WoS) database and analyzed the dataset of 2456 retrieved articles using VOSviewer and the Bibliometrix R package. The most represented area was psychiatry (503, 20.5%) followed by neuroscience (465, 18.9%) and psychology developmental (337, 13.7%). The annual scientific production growth was 11.14% and showed exponential growth with three main peaks in 2011, 2015 and 2017. Extensive collaboration networks were identified between the three countries with the highest scientific production, the USA (35.3%), the UK (9.5%) and Germany (7.3%). Based on term co-occurrence maps and analyses of sources of articles, we identified autism spectrum disorders as the most investigated condition and conducted specific analyses on 638 articles related to this topic which showed an annual scientific production growth of 16.52%. The majority of studies focused on autism used eye tracking to investigate gaze patterns with regards to stimuli related to social interaction. Our analysis highlights the widespread and increasing use of eye tracking in the study of different neurological and psychiatric conditions.

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“…M-CHAT) or augmenting screening tools (e.g. using gaze tracking to collect a quantitative measure for classification 33 ). A significant number of these computer-aided tools have been implemented as a mobile application (see Table 1), as smart devices provide an ideal platform for mental health disorder screening.…”

Section: Autism Screening Mobile Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A predictive model for paediatric autism screening

Wingfield¹,

Miller²,

Yogarajah³

et al. 2020

Health Informatics J

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Autism spectrum disorder is an umbrella term for a group of neurodevelopmental disorders that is associated with impairments to social interaction, communication, and behaviour. Typically, autism spectrum disorder is first detected with a screening tool (e.g. modified checklist for autism in toddlers). However, the interpretation of autism spectrum disorder behavioural symptoms varies across cultures: the sensitivity of modified checklist for autism in toddlers is as low as 25 per cent in Sri Lanka. A culturally sensitive screening tool called pictorial autism assessment schedule has overcome this problem. Low-and middle-income countries have a shortage of mental health specialists, which is a key barrier for obtaining an early autism spectrum disorder diagnosis. Early identification of autism spectrum disorder enables intervention before atypical patterns of behaviour and brain function become established. This article proposes a culturally sensitive autism spectrum disorder screening mobile application. The proposed application embeds an intelligent machine learning model and uses a clinically validated symptom checklist to monitor and detect autism spectrum disorder in low-and middle-income countries for the first time. Machine learning models were trained on clinical pictorial autism assessment schedule data and their predictive performance was evaluated, which demonstrated that the random forest was the optimal classifier (area under the receiver operating characteristic (0.98)) for embedding into the mobile screening tool. In addition, feature selection demonstrated that many pictorial autism assessment schedule questions are redundant and can be removed to optimise the screening process.

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Gaze-Wasserstein: a quantitative screening approach to autism spectrum disorders

Cited by 9 publications

References 33 publications

Speech Reception in Young Children with Autism Is Selectively Indexed by a Neural Oscillation Coupling Anomaly

Speech Reception in Young Children with Autism Is Selectively Indexed by a Neural Oscillation Coupling Anomaly

Application of Eye Tracking Technology in Medicine: A Bibliometric Analysis

A predictive model for paediatric autism screening

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