Gaze cueing in naturalistic scenes under top-down modulation – Effects on gaze behaviour and memory performance

Großekathöfer, Jonas D.; Suchotzki, Kristina; Gamer, Matthias

doi:10.1080/13506285.2020.1742826

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Indeed, there is a large literature demonstrating that social cues, such as another person's gaze, affect attention 2 . Experiments have used a variety of stimuli (from schematic diagrams of eyes or cropped faces 3,4 to pictures of people in real world environments 5,6 ) and tasks (from target detection 3 , to studying pictures 6 , to change detection 5 ), to demonstrate that objects that are the target of another person's gaze are prioritized. However, most previous work has used perceived gaze cues that were visible while attentional deployment was measured.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Memory for Gaze Cues Can Attenuate Change Blindness in the Flicker Paradigm

Miller

Tolliver

Varakin

2022

RDPB

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Introduction: Observers often pay attention to objects that are the target of another’s gaze. The current experiments investigate if memory for gaze cues has similar effects on attention. Methods: We used the flicker paradigm, in which participants searched for changes in pictures of real-world scenes. In experiment 1, half of the scenes depicted a person looking at the changing object, and the other half depicted no people. In experiment 2, none of the scenes in the flicker sequence contained people, but participants previewed pictures prior to the flicker sequence, and half of the previews depicted a person looking at the changing object. Results: In both experiments, participants were faster to find changes when the changes were cued (Exp 1, t(20) = 2.55, p = .02; Exp 2, t(49) = 7.18, p < .001). Analysis of accuracy suggests it was not due to a speed-accuracy tradeoff. Conclusions: These results suggest that memory for gaze cues may help guide attention. However, the results do not suggest one way or the other whether this effect is reflexive or unique to social cues.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Memory for Gaze Cues Can Attenuate Change Blindness in the Flicker Paradigm

Miller

Tolliver

Varakin

2022

RDPB

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“…One area of research where these considerations became especially prominent in recent years is the field of social attention. In general, attentional shifts towards human beings due to their sole presence in the visual field are well documented (Birmingham et al,, 2008a , 2008b ; End & Gamer, 2017 ; Großekathöfer et al,, 2020 ; Rösler et al,, 2017 ). However, such preferred visual exploration of conspecifics seems highly reduced in reality (Horn et al, 2021 ; Laidlaw et al, 2011 ; Rösler et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reality in a sphere: A direct comparison of social attention in the laboratory and the real world

2021

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Humans often show reduced social attention in real situations, a finding rarely replicated in controlled laboratory studies. Virtual reality is supposed to allow for ecologically valid and at the same time highly controlled experiments. This study aimed to provide initial insights into the reliability and validity of using spherical videos viewed via a head-mounted display (HMD) to assess social attention. We chose five public places in the city of Würzburg and measured eye movements of 44 participants for 30 s at each location twice: Once in a real environment with mobile eye-tracking glasses and once in a virtual environment playing a spherical video of the location in an HMD with an integrated eye tracker. As hypothesized, participants demonstrated reduced social attention with less exploration of passengers in the real environment as compared to the virtual one. This is in line with earlier studies showing social avoidance in interactive situations. Furthermore, we only observed consistent gaze proportions on passengers across locations in virtual environments. These findings highlight that the potential for social interactions and an adherence to social norms are essential modulators of viewing behavior in social situations and cannot be easily simulated in laboratory contexts. However, spherical videos might be helpful for supplementing the range of methods in social cognition research and other fields. Data and analysis scripts are available at https://osf.io/hktdu/.

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“…One area of research where these considerations became especially prominent in recent years is the field of social attention. In general, attentional shifts towards humans beings due to their sole presence in the visual field are well documented (Birmingham et al, 2008a(Birmingham et al, , 2008bGroßekathöfer, Suchotzki, & Gamer, 2020;Rösler, End, & Gamer, 2017). However, such preferred visual exploration of conspecifics seems highly reduced in reality (Laidlaw, Foulsham, Kuhn, & Kingstone, 2011;Rösler, Göhring, Strunz, & Gamer, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reality in a sphere: A direct comparison of social attention in the laboratory and the real world

Großekathöfer¹,

C²,

Gamer³

2021

Preprint

Self Cite

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Humans often show reduced social attention in real situations, a finding rarely replicated in controlled laboratory studies. Virtual reality is supposed to allow for ecologically valid and at the same time highly controlled experiments. This study aimed to provide initial insights into the reliability and validity of using spherical videos viewed via a head-mounted display (HMD) to assess social attention. We chose five public places in the city of Würzburg and measured eye movements of 44 participants for 30 seconds at each location twice: Once in a real environment with mobile eye tracking glasses and once in a virtual environment playing a spherical video of the location in an HMD with an integrated eye tracker. As hypothesized,participants demonstrated reduced social attention with less fixations on passengers in the real environment as compared to the virtual one. This is in line with earlier studies showing social avoidance in interactive situations. Furthermore, we observed more consistent fixation patterns in virtual environments. These findings highlight that the potential for social interactions and an adherence to social norms are essential modulators of viewing behavior in social situations and cannot be easily simulated in laboratory contexts. However, spherical videos might be helpful for supplementing the range of methods in social cognition research and other fields. Data and analysis scripts are available at https://osf.io/hktdu/.

show abstract

Gaze cueing in naturalistic scenes under top-down modulation – Effects on gaze behaviour and memory performance

Cited by 5 publications

References 44 publications

Memory for Gaze Cues Can Attenuate Change Blindness in the Flicker Paradigm

Memory for Gaze Cues Can Attenuate Change Blindness in the Flicker Paradigm

Reality in a sphere: A direct comparison of social attention in the laboratory and the real world

Reality in a sphere: A direct comparison of social attention in the laboratory and the real world

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