Gaze Compensation as a Technique for Improving Hand–Eye Coordination in Prosthetic Vision

Titchener, Samuel A; Shivdasani, Mohit N.; Fallon, James B; Petoe, Matthew A.

doi:10.1167/tvst.7.1.2

Cited by 17 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The observed smooth pursuit eye movements would not have had the effect of stabilizing the percept, and would in fact have caused further movement of the percept, because eye movements cause movement of phosphenes within the visual field. 37 – 40 This is also likely to have interfered with the generation of an optokinetic reflex. Nevertheless, the observation of smooth pursuit movements is an encouraging result for photovoltaic retinal implants or future visual prostheses that incorporate eye position feedback.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The observed smooth pursuit eye movements would not have had the effect of stabilizing the percept, and would in fact have caused further movement of the percept, because eye movements cause movement of phosphenes within the visual field. [37][38][39][40] This is also likely to have interfered with the generation of an Figure 6. Characterization of nystagmus for S1 and S2 in the moving grating task.…”

Section: Smooth Pursuit and Nystagmusmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Oculomotor Responses to Dynamic Stimuli in a 44-Channel Suprachoroidal Retinal Prosthesis

Titchener

Kvansakul

Shivdasani

et al. 2020

Trans. Vis. Sci. Tech.

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Purpose To investigate oculomotor behavior in response to dynamic stimuli in retinal implant recipients. Methods Three suprachoroidal retinal implant recipients performed a four-alternative forced-choice motion discrimination task over six sessions longitudinally. Stimuli were a single white bar (“moving bar”) or a series of white bars (“moving grating”) sweeping left, right, up, or down across a 42″ monitor. Performance was compared with normal video processing and scrambled video processing (randomized image-to-electrode mapping to disrupt spatiotemporal structure). Eye and head movement was monitored throughout the task. Results Two subjects had diminished performance with scrambling, suggesting retinotopic discrimination was used in the normal condition and made smooth pursuit eye movements congruent to the moving bar stimulus direction. These two subjects also made stimulus-related eye movements resembling optokinetic reflex (OKR) for moving grating stimuli, but the movement was incongruent with stimulus direction. The third subject was less adept at the task, appeared primarily reliant on head position cues (head movements were congruent to stimulus direction), and did not exhibit retinotopic discrimination and associated eye movements. Conclusions Our observation of smooth pursuit indicates residual functionality of cortical direction-selective circuits and implies a more naturalistic perception of motion than expected. A distorted OKR implies improper functionality of retinal direction-selective circuits, possibly due to retinal remodeling or the non-selective nature of the electrical stimulation. Translational Relevance Retinal implant users can make naturalistic eye movements in response to moving stimuli, highlighting the potential for eye tracker feedback to improve perceptual localization and image stabilization in camera-based visual prostheses.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The observed smooth pursuit eye movements would not have had the effect of stabilizing the percept, and would in fact have caused further movement of the percept, because eye movements cause movement of phosphenes within the visual field. [37][38][39][40] This is also likely to have interfered with the generation of an Figure 6. Characterization of nystagmus for S1 and S2 in the moving grating task.…”

Section: Smooth Pursuit and Nystagmusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oculomotor Responses to Dynamic Stimuli in a 44-Channel Suprachoroidal Retinal Prosthesis

Titchener

Kvansakul

Shivdasani

et al. 2020

Trans. Vis. Sci. Tech.

Self Cite

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show abstract

“…The front camera of the AR glasses captured the video stream, while custom software preloaded on the glasses adjusted the video quality to mimic prosthetic vision ( bottom ). (B) AR system to evaluate the benefit of gaze compensation on hand–eye coordination (reprinted under CC-BY from Titchener, Shivdasani, Fallon, & Petoe, 2018 ). Phosphenes were rendered as Gaussian blobs ( top ).…”

Section: Research Areasmentioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic review of extended reality (XR) for understanding and augmenting vision loss

et al. 2023

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Over the past decade, extended reality (XR) has emerged as an assistive technology not only to augment residual vision of people losing their sight but also to study the rudimentary vision restored to blind people by a visual neuroprosthesis. A defining quality of these XR technologies is their ability to update the stimulus based on the user’s eye, head, or body movements. To make the best use of these emerging technologies, it is valuable and timely to understand the state of this research and identify any shortcomings that are present. Here we present a systematic literature review of 227 publications from 106 different venues assessing the potential of XR technology to further visual accessibility. In contrast to other reviews, we sample studies from multiple scientific disciplines, focus on technology that augments a person’s residual vision, and require studies to feature a quantitative evaluation with appropriate end users. We summarize prominent findings from different XR research areas, show how the landscape has changed over the past decade, and identify scientific gaps in the literature. Specifically, we highlight the need for real-world validation, the broadening of end-user participation, and a more nuanced understanding of the usability of different XR-based accessibility aids.

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“…This is not a confound for subretinal photodiode devices, but for devices utilizing a fixed video camera the recipient must constrain their eye gaze to avoid disassociation between realworld and perceptual frames of reference. Using feedback from an eye-tracker may allow the prosthesis to compensate for gaze shifts and restore naturalistic gaze behaviour (Caspi et al, 2017a;Titchener et al, 2018).…”

Section: Clinical Psychophysicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An update on retinal prostheses

Ayton

Barnes

Dagnelie

et al. 2020

Clinical Neurophysiology

129

137

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Gaze Compensation as a Technique for Improving Hand–Eye Coordination in Prosthetic Vision

Cited by 17 publications

References 37 publications

Oculomotor Responses to Dynamic Stimuli in a 44-Channel Suprachoroidal Retinal Prosthesis

Oculomotor Responses to Dynamic Stimuli in a 44-Channel Suprachoroidal Retinal Prosthesis

A systematic review of extended reality (XR) for understanding and augmenting vision loss

An update on retinal prostheses

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