Gaze behaviour when monitoring pain faces: An eye‐tracking study

Priebe, Janosch A.; Messingschlager, Maria; Lautenbacher, Stefan

doi:10.1002/ejp.608

Cited by 48 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 35 publications

(70 reference statements)

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“…Given the association between perceived injustice and pictorial ratings of sadness and anger (discussed below) a possible explanation for this non-significant finding may be that attention to cues of anger and sadness -rather than or in addition to pain per se -may be more salient. Indeed, a recent eye-tracking study [24] found that fear of pain (previously found to be associated with perceived injustice; [38,41]) tended to increase attentional preference to faces displaying anger.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

The Effect of Perceived Injustice on Appraisals of Physical Activity: An Examination of the Mediating Role of Attention Bias to Pain in a Chronic Low Back Pain Sample

Trost

Ryckeghem

Scott

et al. 2016

The Journal of Pain

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The current study examined the relationship between perceived injustice and attentional bias (AB) toward pain among individuals with chronic low back pain asked to perform and appraise the pain and difficulty of a standardized set of common physical activities. A pictorial dot-probe task assessed AB toward pain stimuli (i.e., pain faces cueing pain), after which participants performed the physical tasks. Participants also rated face stimuli in terms of pain, sadness, and anger expression. As hypothesized, perceived injustice was positively associated with AB toward pain stimuli; additionally, perceived injustice and AB were both positively associated with appraisals of pain and difficulty. Counter to expectations, AB did not mediate the relationship between perceived injustice and task appraisals, suggesting that AB is insufficient to explain this relationship. Exploratory analyses indicated that participants with higher levels of perceived injustice rated stimulus faces as sadder and angrier; no such differences emerged for pain ratings. This is the first study to examine the association between perceived injustice and AB toward pain, as well as perceived injustice and in-vivo appraisals of common physical activity. Results extend existing literature and suggest that attentional and potential interpretive bias should be considered in future research.Perspective: This article identifies significant associations between perceived injustice, biased attention to pain, and appraisals of common physical activities among individuals with chronic low back pain. These findings suggest targets for intervention as well as directions for future research regarding individuals with high perceptions of injustice related to pain.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

The Effect of Perceived Injustice on Appraisals of Physical Activity: An Examination of the Mediating Role of Attention Bias to Pain in a Chronic Low Back Pain Sample

Trost

Ryckeghem

Scott

et al. 2016

The Journal of Pain

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“…For validation purpose, we now selected all those investigations, in which the PVAQ was related to the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) and the Pain Anxiety Symptom Scale (PASS) in order to be able to compute construct validity testing. This selection [15, 17–26] resulted in a sample size of 617 healthy pain-free participants. Participants were recruited via advertisements posted in the university building or via advertisements in the local newspaper (Bamberg).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychometric Properties of the German Version of the Pain Vigilance and Awareness Questionnaire (PVAQ) in Pain-Free Samples and Samples with Acute and Chronic Pain

et al. 2016

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PurposeThe way individuals attend to pain is known to have a considerable impact on the experience and chronification of pain. One method to assess the habitual “attention to pain” is the Pain Vigilance and Awareness Questionnaire (PVAQ). With the present study, we aimed to test the psychometric properties of the German version of the PVAQ across pain-free samples and across patients with acute and chronic pain.MethodTwo samples of pain-free individuals (student sample (N = 255)/non-student sample (N = 362)) and two clinical pain samples (acute pain patients (N = 105)/chronic pain patients (N = 36)) were included in this cross-sectional evaluation of the German PVAQ. Factor structure was assessed using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Reliability was assessed using internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha). Construct validity was tested by assessing correlations between PVAQ and theoretically related constructs.ResultsExploratory factor analysis (non-student sample) and confirmatory factor analysis (student sample, acute pain patient sample) suggested that a two-factor solution best fitted our data (“attention to pain,” “attention to changes in pain”). Internal consistency ranged from acceptable to good in all four samples. As hypothesized, the PVAQ correlated significantly with theoretically related constructs in all four samples, suggesting good construct validity in pain-free individuals and in pain patients.ConclusionThe German PVAQ shows good psychometric properties across samples of pain-free individuals and patients suffering from pain that are comparable to PVAQ versions of other languages. Thus, the German PVAQ seems to be a measure of pain vigilance equally valid as found in other countries.

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“…avoidance). The authors of these studies argued that there may be benefit to immediate orientation towards painrelated stimuli and, when that stimulus has no threat value, to disengaging from it quickly to maintain positive mood [28]. Other studies investigating the time-course of attentional processes have also found similar patterns of speeded orientation followed by avoidance [2].…”

Section: Figure 2 Near Here]mentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards a new model of attentional biases in the development, maintenance, and management of pain

Todd

Sharpe

Johnson

et al. 2015

Pain

124

188

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Individuals with chronic pain demonstrate attentional biases (ABs) towards pain-related stimuli. However, the clinical importance of these biases is yet to be determined and a sound theoretical model for explaining the role of ABs in the development and maintenance of pain is lacking. Within this article, we (1) systematically review prospective and experimental research exploring ABs and pain outcomes in light of current theoretical models and (2) propose a theoretical framework for understanding AB in pain. Across prospective research, an attentional pattern of vigilance-avoidance was observed. Interventions targeting ABs were less consistent; however, there were promising findings among studies that found attentional training effects, particularly for laboratory research. The proposed Threat Interpretation Model suggests a relationship between threat, interpretation, and stimuli in determining attentional processes, which while tentative generates important testable predictions regarding the role of attention in pain and builds on previous theoretical and empirical work in this area.

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Gaze behaviour when monitoring pain faces: An eye‐tracking study

Abstract: We assume that initial vigilance for pain-associated stimuli might reflect an adaptive reaction to detect a potentially harmful stimulus. Subsequently, the pain-associated stimulus might be less attended for the purpose of mood regulation when all clear is given in this situation.

Cited by 48 publications

References 35 publications

The Effect of Perceived Injustice on Appraisals of Physical Activity: An Examination of the Mediating Role of Attention Bias to Pain in a Chronic Low Back Pain Sample

The Effect of Perceived Injustice on Appraisals of Physical Activity: An Examination of the Mediating Role of Attention Bias to Pain in a Chronic Low Back Pain Sample

Psychometric Properties of the German Version of the Pain Vigilance and Awareness Questionnaire (PVAQ) in Pain-Free Samples and Samples with Acute and Chronic Pain

Towards a new model of attentional biases in the development, maintenance, and management of pain

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