Gaze and pupil changes during navigation in age-related macular degeneration

Aspinall, Peter; Borooah, Shyamanga; Alouch, C Al; Roe, Jennifer; Laude, Augustinus; Gupta, Rajesh; Gupta, Michèle; Montarzino, Alicia; Dhillon, Baljean

doi:10.1136/bjophthalmol-2014-305032

Cited by 20 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(17 reference statements)

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“…One case–control study55 used eye tracking and audio feedback while participants watched video simulations of walking through a building: AMD volunteers made more comments and more fixations than controls.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

How does age-related macular degeneration affect real-world visual ability and quality of life? A systematic review

et al. 2016

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ObjectivesTo review systematically the evidence of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) affecting real-world visual ability and quality of life (QoL). To explore trends in specific topics within this body of the literature.DesignSystematic review.MethodsA systematic literature search was carried out using MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, PsychARTICLES and Health and Psychosocial Instruments for articles published up to January 2015 for studies including people diagnosed with AMD, assessing real-world visual ability or QoL as an outcome. Two researchers screened studies for eligibility. Details of eligible studies including study design, characteristics of study population and outcomes measured were recorded in a data extraction table. All included studies underwent quality appraisal using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool 2011 Version (MMAT).ResultsFrom 5284 studies, 123 were eligible for inclusion. A range of approaches were identified, including performance-based methods, quantitative and qualitative patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs). AMD negatively affects tasks including mobility, face recognition, perception of scenes, computer use, meal preparation, shopping, cleaning, watching TV, reading, driving and, in some cases, self-care. There is evidence for higher rates of depression among people with AMD than among community dwelling elderly. A number of adaptation strategies have been associated with AMD of varying duration. Much of the research fails to report the type of AMD studied (59% of included studies) or the duration of disease in participants (74%). Of those that do report type studied, the breakdown is as follows: wet AMD 20%, dry AMD 4% and both types 17%.ConclusionsThere are many publications highlighting the negative effects of AMD in various domains of life. Future research should focus on delivering some of this research knowledge into patient management and clinical trials and differentiating between the types of AMD.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

How does age-related macular degeneration affect real-world visual ability and quality of life? A systematic review

et al. 2016

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“…It is one of a number of methods which have been developed to regularise regression for linear modelling (although, so far as we know, it is the only regularisation model available for non-linear models such as logistic regression) as a means of reducing prediction error. Regularisation is achieved through component/dimension reduction strategies, as shown by Magidson [ 56 ] and applied, for example, in clinical research contexts [ 57 , 58 ]. The purpose is to optimise R squared by manipulating both the number of correlated components (k) and the predictors (p) in any model.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitigating Stress and Supporting Health in Deprived Urban Communities: The Importance of Green Space and the Social Environment

Thompson

Aspinall

Roe

et al. 2016

IJERPH

209

136

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Environment-health research has shown significant relationships between the quantity of green space in deprived urban neighbourhoods and people’s stress levels. The focus of this paper is the nature of access to green space (i.e., its quantity or use) necessary before any health benefit is found. It draws on a cross-sectional survey of 406 adults in four communities of high urban deprivation in Scotland, United Kingdom. Self-reported measures of stress and general health were primary outcomes; physical activity and social wellbeing were also measured. A comprehensive, objective measure of green space quantity around each participant’s home was also used, alongside self-report measures of use of local green space. Correlated Component Regression identified the optimal predictors for primary outcome variables in the different communities surveyed. Social isolation and place belonging were the strongest predictors of stress in three out of four communities sampled, and of poor general health in the fourth, least healthy, community. The amount of green space in the neighbourhood, and in particular access to a garden or allotment, were significant predictors of stress. Physical activity, frequency of visits to green space in winter months, and views from the home were predictors of general health. The findings have implications for public health and for planning of green infrastructure, gardens and public open space in urban environments.

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“…A few studies have investigated real-world visual search in actual patients with AMD; for example Thibaut et al (2015) reported individuals with AMD exhibit higher saccade frequencies, shorter fixation durations and longer scan paths compared with those without AMD during visual search. Aspinall et al (2014) found fixation count to be a useful marker of situations subjectively classed as "difficult" by individuals with AMD when assessing eye movement behaviour whilst watching videos of ambulatory journeys. Similarly, Geruschat et al (2006) investigated gaze behaviour during street crossing and reported higher fixation count during more difficult/visually demanding parts of the task.…”

Section: Open Peer Commentarymentioning

confidence: 99%

The impending demise of the item in visual search

Hulleman¹,

Olivers²

2015

Behav Brain Sci

102

118

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The way the cognitive system scans the visual environment for relevant information - visual search in short - has been a long-standing central topic in vision science. From its inception as a research topic, and despite a number of promising alternative perspectives, the study of visual search has been governed by the assumption that a search proceeds on the basis of individual items (whether processed in parallel or not). This has led to the additional assumptions that shallow search slopes (at most a few tens of milliseconds per item for target-present trials) are most informative about the underlying process, and that eye movements are an epiphenomenon that can be safely ignored. We argue that the evidence now overwhelmingly favours an approach that takes fixations, not individual items, as its central unit. Within fixations, items are processed in parallel, and the functional field of view determines how many fixations are needed. In this type of theoretical framework, there is a direct connection between target discrimination difficulty, fixations, and reaction time (RT) measures. It therefore promises a more fundamental understanding of visual search by offering a unified account of both eye movement and manual response behaviour across the entire range of observed search efficiency, and provides new directions for research. A high-level conceptual simulation with just one free and four fixed parameters shows the viability of this approach.

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Gaze and pupil changes during navigation in age-related macular degeneration

Cited by 20 publications

References 22 publications

How does age-related macular degeneration affect real-world visual ability and quality of life? A systematic review

How does age-related macular degeneration affect real-world visual ability and quality of life? A systematic review

Mitigating Stress and Supporting Health in Deprived Urban Communities: The Importance of Green Space and the Social Environment

The impending demise of the item in visual search

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