GATA-3 expression in normal and pathological human skin conditions

Abstract

SummaryThe GATA family of transcription factors includes a family of zinc finger domain-containing proteins with six members (GATA-1-6) that interact with a common deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-binding sequence. GATA-3 plays a central role in regulating Th1 and Th2 cell differentiation. In particular, GA-TA-3 is essential for the expression of a number of Th2 cell-specific cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5 and IL-13 and in inhibiting the Th1 cytokines. Furthermore, a recent investigation has demonstrated that this transcription factor is essential for stem cell lineage determination in skin. Up to now, the expression of GATA-3 has not yet been studied in pathological skin conditions. In this study, we examined the in situ expression of GATA-3 in normal human skin and in a large series of inflammatory and neoplastic human pathological skin conditions by means of immunohistochemistry. In normal human skin GATA-3 expression was inconstantly observed in correspondence of the matrix of the hair follicle, whereas in none of the pathological skin conditions investigated expression of GATA-3 was observed. The finding of GATA-3 expression in the matrix of the hair follicle is consistent with a recent study which has shown that this transcription factor is essential for stem cell lineage determination in skin and for directing epidermal stem cells to become inner root sheath cells. In this study, we have demonstrated that none of the T-cell mediated inflammatory and neoplastic skin diseases expressed the GATA-3 protein. These findings suggest that this molecule may not have a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of these conditions.

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