Gastrointestinal ultrasound in neonates, infants and children

Lobo, Maria; Roque, Mariana

doi:10.1016/j.ejrad.2014.04.016

Cited by 10 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Ultrasound has the advantage of being fast, non-invasive and cost effective with no threat of ionizing radiation; this all makes it an ideal mode of imaging especially in pediatric patients. [ 15 16 ] Though ultrasound is non-invasive, pediatric population has intrinsic fear of hospital which makes them difficult to handle. Currently, in most of the countries, these evaluations are performed on OPD basis using conventional method for distracting child's attention.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing cooperation during pediatric ultrasound: Oral midazolam versus conventional techniques

Chaurasia

Jain

Sengar

et al. 2020

J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol

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Background and Aims: Ultrasound is a safe and non-invasive method for detecting numerous pathologies. Pediatric patients are often uncooperative which leads to decreased quality and increased time of scan. We compared the conventional means alone and combination of oral midazolam for the above cited purpose. Material and Methods: This double blind prospective study (CTRI/2016/06/007030) was conducted after obtaining due approval from institutional ethical committee. One hundred Children aged 2-6 years belonging to ASA class 1 or 2, posted for high resolution ultrasonography of abdomen were included in the study. They were randomised to receive midazolam 0.3 mg/kg mixed in 20 mL of apple juice (Group I) or 20 mL of apple juice alone (Group II) 20 minutes prior to the procedure. The parameters assessed were level of cooperation, sonologist's satisfaction, total scan time, heart rate and SpO 2 . Results: Out of 100 patients, 44 patients of group I and 42 of group II were analysed. The cooperation score was significantly higher in Group I (35%) than Group II (19%). Likert scale revealed very satisfied and satisfied rating in 61.3% (Group I) and 21.4% (Group II). The time taken by sonologist and number of attempts were significantly less in Group I than Group II. There was no difference in discharge time between the groups. There was no reportable adverse event in either group. Conclusion: Oral midazolam is a safe and effective agent to aid routine abdominal ultrasonography in pediatric patients.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing cooperation during pediatric ultrasound: Oral midazolam versus conventional techniques

Chaurasia

Jain

Sengar

et al. 2020

J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol

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“…Patient age and weight correlate with pyloric muscle wall thickness, and a lower ultrasound threshold for diagnosis should be used in smaller neonates [36,37] . Imaging the pylorus over time allows the differentiation of HPS and pylorospasm, the latter being a transient phenomenon [3] . Follow-up can be utilized in equivocal cases [3] .…”

Section: Acquired Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Imaging the pylorus over time allows the differentiation of HPS and pylorospasm, the latter being a transient phenomenon [3] . Follow-up can be utilized in equivocal cases [3] .…”

Section: Acquired Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent improvements in ultrasound technology, including highresolution linear probes (12)(13)(14)(15) and harmonic and panoramic imaging, improve image quality [3,4] . Color Doppler evaluation can detect increased perfusion in inflamed loops of bowel.…”

Section: Imaging Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several recent reviews have emphasized the utility of ultrasound in the evaluation of pediatric bowel pathology [1][2][3] . Ultrasound of the bowel in children is typically a targeted examination, designed to answer a specific question, and common indications include evaluation for appendicitis, intussusception, and pyloric stenosis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Abdominal ultrasonography of the pediatric gastrointestinal tract

Gale¹,

Gee²,

Westra³

et al. 2016

WJR

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Ultrasound is an invaluable imaging modality in the evaluation of pediatric gastrointestinal pathology; it can provide real-time evaluation of the bowel without the need for sedation or intravenous contrast. Recent improvements in ultrasound technique can be utilized to improve detection of bowel pathology in children: Higher resolution probes, color Doppler, harmonic and panoramic imaging are excellent tools in this setting. Graded compression and cine clips provide dynamic information and oral and intravenous contrast agents aid in detection of bowel wall pathology. Ultrasound of the bowel in children is typically a targeted exam; common indications include evaluation for appendicitis, pyloric stenosis and intussusception. Bowel abnormalities that are detected prenatally can be evaluated after birth with ultrasound. Likewise, acquired conditions such as bowel hematoma, bowel infections and hernias can be detected with ultrasound. Rare bowel neoplasms, vascular disorders and foreign bodies may first be detected with sonography, as well. At some centers, comprehensive exams of the gastrointestinal tract are performed on children with inflammatory bowel disease and celiac disease to evaluate for disease activity or to confirm the diagnosis. The goal of this article is to review up-to-date imaging techniques, normal sonographic anatomy, and characteristic sonographic features of common and uncommon disorders affecting the gastrointestinal tract in children.

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