Gastrointestinal transit times in mice and humans measured with <sup>27</sup>Al and <sup>19</sup>F nuclear magnetic resonance

Schwarz, Roman; Kaspar, Armin; Seelig, Joachim; Künnecke, Basil

doi:10.1002/mrm.10207

Cited by 108 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…For drug delivery to specific regions in the heart via an interventional device, the release of fluorinated drugs may be monitored. This is along the lines of previous work demonstrating visualization of capsules filled with perfluorononane in gastrointestinal imaging (9,20).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Catheter tracking and visualization using ¹⁹F nuclear magnetic resonance

Kozerke

Hegde

Schaeffter

et al. 2004

Magnetic Resonance in Med

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Catheter tracking and visualization using ¹⁹F nuclear magnetic resonance

Kozerke

Hegde

Schaeffter

et al. 2004

Magnetic Resonance in Med

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“…Passage of solid oral dosage forms of medications in the rat GI tract has been visualized by MR imaging (26). Gastric emptying and GI transit times in mice were monitored noninvasively by using 27 Al-and 19 F-nuclear magnetic resonance (108).…”

Section: Other Technologies For Gastric Emptyingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methods for measurement of gastric motility

Szarka¹,

Camilleri²

2009

American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physi

103

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Szarka LA, Camilleri M. Methods for measurement of gastric motility. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 296: G461-G475, 2009. First published January 15, 2009 doi:10.1152/ajpgi.90467.2008There is an array of tests available to measure gastric motility. Some tests measure end points, such as gastric emptying, that result from several different functions, whereas other tests are more specific and test only a single parameter, such as contractility. This article reviews the tests most commonly available in practice and research to evaluate in vivo the gastric functions of emptying, accommodation, contractility, and myoelectrical activity. The rationale for testing, the relative strengths and weaknesses of each test, and technical details are summarized. We also briefly indicate the applications and validations of the tests for use in experimental animal studies. contractility; emptying; accommodation; gastroparesis; dyspepsia ASSESSMENT OF THE MOTOR FUNCTIONS (motility) of the stomach is important in studies of gastric physiology and pathophysiology. Although not generally applied in gastroenterological practice, there is increasing use of tests to evaluate gastric function, particularly less invasive tests in clinical settings.There is an array of tests available to measure gastric motility. Some tests measure end points, such as gastric emptying, that result from several different functions, whereas other tests are more specific and test only a single parameter, such as contractility. This article reviews the tests most commonly available in practice and research to evaluate in vivo the gastric functions of emptying, accommodation, contractility, and myoelectrical activity. The rationale for testing, the relative strengths and weaknesses of each test, and technical details are summarized. A brief discussion is also provided for methods that have been used in animals to study motor functions of the stomach in animals. Tests to Evaluate Gastric Emptying of SolidsGastric emptying is a composite end point reflecting a variety of functions including gastric accommodation, the pressure gradient between the proximal and distal stomach, and antropyloroduodenal contractility and coordination. The trituration of solids and emptying of solid and liquid food from the stomach are arguably the most important physiological functions of the stomach. Abnormal gastric emptying, either accelerated at 1 h or delayed at 4 h, is among the factors that contribute to reporting of dyspepsia or the development of postprandial symptoms after meal challenge (35). For all tests of gastric motility and emptying, there are standard precautions (1): 1) Drugs affecting gastric motility (e.g., anticholinergics, narcotics, and prokinetics) are stopped for 48 h prior to the test, and the study is performed in the morning after an overnight fast. 2) Diabetic subjects should have a glucose level Ͻ275 mg/dl. 3) At the time the meal is ingested, Type 1 diabetic patients should receive half of their normal insulin dose. Gastric Emptying Scintigrap...

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“…This may be because of the fecal deposition of drug that was never absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. The time for the entire contents of the mouse gastrointestinal tract to be completely eliminated has been measured at approximately 3 days (Schwarz et al, 2002); thus, the accumulation of unabsorbed drug in the feces would be within this time frame.…”

Section: Zd6474 Pharmacokinetics In Mice 875mentioning

confidence: 99%

Tissue Distribution and Metabolism of the Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor ZD6474 (Zactima) in Tumor-Bearing Nude Mice following Oral Dosing

Gustafson¹,

Bradshaw‐Pierce²,

Merz³

et al. 2006

J Pharmacol Exp Ther

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ZD6474 [N-(4-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)-6-methoxy-7-[(1-methylpiperidin-4-yl)methoxy]-quinazolin-4-amine; Zactima] is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor with antiangiogenic and antitumor activity currently undergoing human trials for cancer treatment. Pharmacokinetic studies in animal models are an important component in the clinical development of this agent to relate preclinical studies to patient treatment. In the studies presented here, the pharmacokinetics of ZD6474 was determined in plasma and tissues of MCF-7 tumor-bearing nude mice following single p.o. doses at 10, 25, and 50 mg/kg. Plasma area under the curve and C max were linear, increasing proportionally with dose. Tissue analysis showed that ZD6474 is extensively distributed to tissues, with liver and lung accumulating concentrations of 212 g/g (ϳ450 M) and 161 g/g (ϳ340 M), respectively. Tumor levels ranged from 27 to 71 g/g at C max levels across the three dose ranges, and ZD6474 was distributed to all of the tissues in a dose-dependent manner. Analysis of putative ZD6474 metabolites in feces found four, with the N-demethyl-piperidinyl-ZD6474 metabolite being the most prominent but still accounting for less than 2% of the total amount of ZD6474 present. The lack of significant metabolism of ZD6474 is consistent with the relatively long half-life in mice (ϳ30 h), as well as that seen in humans (ϳ120 h), and the primary method of drug elimination appears to be unchanged in the feces (ϳ25%). The incorporation of an empirical approach to dosing in mouse models of cancer in preclinical studies may allow for better prediction of clinical efficacy for ZD6474 alone and in combination with other therapeutic modalities based on equivalent drug exposure.

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Gastrointestinal transit times in mice and humans measured with ²⁷Al and ¹⁹F nuclear magnetic resonance

Cited by 108 publications

References 16 publications

Catheter tracking and visualization using ¹⁹F nuclear magnetic resonance

Catheter tracking and visualization using ¹⁹F nuclear magnetic resonance

Methods for measurement of gastric motility

Tissue Distribution and Metabolism of the Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor ZD6474 (Zactima) in Tumor-Bearing Nude Mice following Oral Dosing

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Gastrointestinal transit times in mice and humans measured with 27Al and 19F nuclear magnetic resonance

Cited by 108 publications

References 16 publications

Catheter tracking and visualization using 19F nuclear magnetic resonance

Catheter tracking and visualization using 19F nuclear magnetic resonance

Methods for measurement of gastric motility

Tissue Distribution and Metabolism of the Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor ZD6474 (Zactima) in Tumor-Bearing Nude Mice following Oral Dosing

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Gastrointestinal transit times in mice and humans measured with ²⁷Al and ¹⁹F nuclear magnetic resonance

Catheter tracking and visualization using ¹⁹F nuclear magnetic resonance

Catheter tracking and visualization using ¹⁹F nuclear magnetic resonance