Gastrointestinal toxicity biomarkers

Banerjee, Aryamitra

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-404630-6.00015-4

Cited by 9 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…Citrulline is suggested safety biomarker of an enterocyte mass and function used to assess small intestinal toxicity in laboratory animals and humans [170,171,172]. Although analysis of citrulline in the blood is limited by less sensitive enzymatic assays, application of techniques like high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and mass spectrometry (MS) enables the circulating citrulline as a detectable biomarker of gastrointestinal safety [173,174].…”

Section: Anti-inflammatory Drug Development From Natural Products:mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Diamine oxidase is a degradative enzyme which catalyzes oxidation. It is located in the intestinal mucosa at the upper villus cells [173,174,175]. Maturity and integrity of small intestinal mucosa are represented by serum DAO activity.…”

Section: Anti-inflammatory Drug Development From Natural Products:mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Drug-induced damage to the intestinal barrier can be monitored with the urinary excretion of an orally administered probes [173,174]. Gastrointestinal damage caused by the anticancer drug was correlated with the urine sucrose and 51 Cr-EDTA levels measured by radioimmunoassay technique [181].…”

Section: Anti-inflammatory Drug Development From Natural Products:mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Animal Models of Inflammation for Screening of Anti-inflammatory Drugs: Implications for the Discovery and Development of Phytopharmaceuticals

Patil

Mahajan

Unger³

et al. 2019

IJMS

242

175

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Inflammation is one of the common events in the majority of acute as well as chronic debilitating diseases and represent a chief cause of morbidity in today’s era of modern lifestyle. If unchecked, inflammation leads to development of rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes, cancer, Alzheimer’s disease, and atherosclerosis along with pulmonary, autoimmune and cardiovascular diseases. Inflammation involves a complex network of many mediators, a variety of cells, and execution of multiple pathways. Current therapy for inflammatory diseases is limited to the steroidal and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents. The chronic use of these drugs is reported to cause severe adverse effects like gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, and renal abnormalities. There is a massive need to explore new anti-inflammatory agents with selective action and lesser toxicity. Plants and isolated phytoconstituents are promising and interesting sources of new anti-inflammatories. However, drug development from natural sources has been linked with hurdles like the complex nature of extracts, difficulties in isolation of pure phytoconstituents, and the yield of isolated compounds in minute quantities that is insufficient for subsequent lead development. Although various in-vivo and in-vitro models for anti-inflammatory drug development are available, judicious selection of appropriate animal models is a vital step in the early phase of drug development. Systematic evaluation of phytoconstituents can facilitate the identification and development of potential anti-inflammatory leads from natural sources. The present review describes various techniques of anti-inflammatory drug screening with its advantages and limitations, elaboration on biological targets of phytoconstituents in inflammation and biomarkers for the prediction of adverse effects of anti-inflammatory drugs. The systematic approach proposed through present article for anti-inflammatory drug screening can rationalize the identification of novel phytoconstituents at the initial stage of drug screening programs.

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Section: Anti-inflammatory Drug Development From Natural Products:mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Anti-inflammatory Drug Development From Natural Products:mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Animal Models of Inflammation for Screening of Anti-inflammatory Drugs: Implications for the Discovery and Development of Phytopharmaceuticals

Patil

Mahajan

Unger³

et al. 2019

IJMS

242

175

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…It is a naturally abundant deoxy sugar with unique physiological roles as important enzymes catalyzing the reversible isomerization of aldose and ketose . Also, it is functionally significant in pharmaceutical as well as nutritional industries for its applications in reduction of calories and sweeteners . L‐rhamnose is also characterized to reduce cholesterogenesis and decrease the synthesis of triacylglecerides fatty acids , by increasing serum propionate in humans which results in changes in colonic productions leading to modification in mechanisms of blood lipids .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

L‐rhamnose induces browning in 3T3‐L1 white adipocytes and activates HIB1B brown adipocytes

et al. 2018

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Induction of the brown adipocyte-like phenotype in white adipocytes (browning) is considered as a novel strategy to fight obesity due to the ability of brown adipocytes to increase energy expenditure. Here, we report that L-rhamnose induced browning by elevating expression levels of beige-specific marker genes, including Cd137, Cited1, Tbx1, Prdm16, Tmem26, and Ucp1, in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Moreover, L-rhamnose markedly elevated expression levels of proteins involved in thermogenesis both in 3T3-L1 white and HIB1B brown adipocytes. L-rhamnose treatment in 3T3-L1 adipocytes also significantly elevated protein levels of p-HSL, p-AMPK, ACOX, and CPT1 as well as reduced levels of ACC, FAS, C/EBPα, and PPARγ, suggesting its possible role in enhancement of lipolysis and lipid catabolism as well as reduced adipogenesis and lipogenesis, respectively. The quick technique of efficient molecular docking provided insight into the strong binding of L-rhamnose to the fat-digesting glycine residue of β -adrenergic receptor (AR), indicating strong involvement of L-rhamnose in fat metabolism. Further examination of the molecular mechanism of L-rhamnose revealed that it induced browning of 3T3-L1 adipocytes via coordination of multiple signaling pathways through β -AR, SIRT1, PKA, and p-38. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate that L-rhamnose plays multiple modulatory roles in the induction of white fat browning, activation of brown adipocytes, as well as promotion of lipid metabolism, thereby demonstrating its therapeutic potential for treatment of obesity. © 2018 IUBMB Life, 70(6):563-573, 2018.

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“…Other AA signatures involving histidine and citrulline were found to be able to distinguish OC patients from healthy individuals with an AUC>0.75 [ 49 , 56 ]. The low citrulline levels frequently observed in OC patients may be attributed to intestinal symptoms at the time of diagnosis [ 90 ], since this AA is synthetized in the small intestine by enterocytes, and its blood deprivation reflects a reduced enterocyte mass due to intestinal inflammation [ 91 ].…”

Section: Metabolomics Diagnostic Biomarkers Of Ocmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging Role of Metabolomics in Ovarian Cancer Diagnosis

et al. 2020

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Ovarian cancer is considered a silent killer due to the lack of clear symptoms and efficient diagnostic tools that often lead to late diagnoses. Over recent years, the impelling need for proficient biomarkers has led researchers to consider metabolomics, an emerging omics science that deals with analyses of the entire set of small-molecules (≤1.5 kDa) present in biological systems. Metabolomics profiles, as a mirror of tumor–host interactions, have been found to be useful for the analysis and identification of specific cancer phenotypes. Cancer may cause significant metabolic alterations to sustain its growth, and metabolomics may highlight this, making it possible to detect cancer in an early phase of development. In the last decade, metabolomics has been widely applied to identify different metabolic signatures to improve ovarian cancer diagnosis. The aim of this review is to update the current status of the metabolomics research for the discovery of new diagnostic metabolomic biomarkers for ovarian cancer. The most promising metabolic alterations are discussed in view of their potential biological implications, underlying the issues that limit their effective clinical translation into ovarian cancer diagnostic tools.

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Gastrointestinal toxicity biomarkers

Cited by 9 publications

References 78 publications

Animal Models of Inflammation for Screening of Anti-inflammatory Drugs: Implications for the Discovery and Development of Phytopharmaceuticals

Animal Models of Inflammation for Screening of Anti-inflammatory Drugs: Implications for the Discovery and Development of Phytopharmaceuticals

L‐rhamnose induces browning in 3T3‐L1 white adipocytes and activates HIB1B brown adipocytes

Emerging Role of Metabolomics in Ovarian Cancer Diagnosis

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