Gastrointestinal stromal tumors and leiomyosarcomas

Katz, Steven C.; DeMatteo, Ronald P.

doi:10.1002/jso.20970

Cited by 125 publications

(114 citation statements)

References 92 publications

(108 reference statements)

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“…11 KIT mutations in GISTs result in constitutive activation of receptor tyrosine kinases independent of ligand binding. 4,11,26 The most common mutations are in the juxtamembrane domain (exon 11), 4,7,16,17,26,28 a protein sequence that is highly conserved, with 100% homology between humans and dogs. 4 Similar mutations in KIT are demonstrated in dogs and humans, 4 suggesting that canine tumors with KIT mutations may behave similarly and respond in the same way to targeted therapies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Genotyping of the neoplasm may be helpful in these cases, as some neoplasms in human cases have KIT mutations without exhibiting KIT immunoreactivity. 7,28 No statistical conclusions could be made regarding associations between survival and various gross features, microscopic features, or proliferation markers due to insufficient follow-up data for statistical analysis. A recent study reported that tumor diameter was an important prognostic indicator and mitotic count was a less significant indicator in cases of canine GISTs compared with cases of human GISTs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6,7,16 Multiple prognostic indicators including tumor size, location, mitotic index, AgNOR staining, and Ki67 labeling have been correlated with survival in human GISTs to try to stratify these tumors into prognostically significant categories. The few cases with available follow-up data in this study suggest that canine GISTs have the same range of behaviors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In humans, tumor site (intestines vs stomach), tumor size ( 2 cm), and mitotic index (<5 mitoses per 50 high-powered fields [HPF]) have been shown to be the most significant prognostic indicators. 7,9,[15][16][17]26,28 Cellular proliferation analysis, as determined by Ki67 and argyrophilic nuclear organizer regions (AgNOR) staining, also seem to provide predictive value. 22 No such correlations have been made for canine GISTs.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Canine Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors

Gillespie

Baer²,

Farrelly

et al. 2010

Vet Pathol

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Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs), leiomyomas, and leiomyosarcomas are common mesenchymal neoplasms in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract of dogs. As previously diagnosed smooth muscle tumors of the canine GI tract are increasingly reclassified as GISTs, it becomes important to identify additional criteria that may assist in the diagnosis of these neoplasms, provide prognostic information, and offer targets for therapy. Examination of cluster of differentiation (CD), molecule expression (such as KIT [CD117] and CD34) as well as gross, histologic, and immunohistochemical features (such as tumor size, tumor location, mitotic index, AgNOR, and Ki67 labeling) in human GISTs has revealed new and valuable prognostic, diagnostic, and therapeutic information. In this study, GISTs were examined for the gross, histologic, and immunohistochemical features listed above. Forty-nine cases of canine gastrointestinal mesenchymal neoplasms from the Animal Medical Center (New York, NY) were categorized as GISTs (KIT positive), leiomyosarcoma/leiomyoma (KIT negative, smooth muscle actin [SMA], and/or desmin positive), or other (KIT, SMA, and desmin negative). A proportion (55%) of canine cases previously diagnosed as smooth muscle tumors were reclassified as GISTs according to KIT immunoreactivity. Statistical correlations with survival data were not possible because of insufficient follow-up data. However, there was a significant difference between mitotic index, AgNOR, and Ki67 scores depending on the location of the tumor (small vs large intestine). This study represents the first time CD34 immunoreactivity has been demonstrated in canine GISTs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Canine Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors

Gillespie

Baer²,

Farrelly

et al. 2010

Vet Pathol

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“…These tumors rarely metastasize. Their malignant potential is determined by size, location, mitotic rate, and degree of local invasiveness [ 27 ] (Fig. 12.7 ).…”

Section: Mark the Correct Statement Regarding Hypertrophic Pyloric Stmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stomach

Maker¹,

Guzman-Arrieta²

2014

Cognitive Pearls in General Surgery

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2. Mark the correct statement regarding gastric anatomy. Comments The stomach is a rather mobile organ, held in place at either end by the phrenoesophageal ligament proximally and the duodenum distally. This degree of motility allows it to rotate along its axis, creating a gastric volvulus. Gastric volvulus can be organoaxial (i.e., along the longitudinal axis or cascade volvulus along its horizontal axis). The most important predisposing factors are gastric distention and the shape of the stomach itself. Long, vertically oriented stomachs are prone to organoaxial volvulus, whereas broad horizontally oriented stomachs are predisposed to a cascade volvulus. Gastric volvulus has not been associated to gastric banding [ 3 ] (Fig. 12.1 ). Due to its mobility, the stomach is often used to replace the esophagus in the chest. In order to mobilize the stomach, the short gastric vessels, the left gastric artery, the right gastric artery, and the left gastroepiploic artery are divided. In such cases, the right gastroepiploic artery may feed the entire stomach [ 4 ].The stomach is attached to other abdominal organs through the derivatives of the ventral and dorsal mesogastria. The ventral mesogastrium forms the lesser omentum, which may harbor accessory or replaced left hepatic arteries arising from the left gastric artery. The dorsal mesentery forms the gastrosplenic ligament (which encases the short gastric vessels), the splenic capsule, and the splenophrenic ligament [ 5 ]. e) Intrinsic factor is produced by P cells (parietal cells).Comments Gastric acid secretion is the sole function of the parietal cells. This is a fi nely regulated process, under the infl uence of neural, hormonal, and intraluminal stimuli. Parietal cells are located exclusively in the fundus and body of the stomach, which is the basis of limiting highly selective vagotomy to the branches of the nerve of Latarjet going to this portion of the stomach. Located in the antrum, G cells, through gastrin production, are the most important positive regulators of acid secretion. They are stimulated by vagal efferents as well as by the presence of food in the gastric lumen. Gastrin reaches the oxyntic region of the stomach (fundus and body), where it stimulates the production of acid by parietal cells directly and indirectly, by inducing histamine release from enterochromaffi n-like cells. The acidifi cation of the gastric lumen stimulates somatostatin-producing D cells in the antrum, which inhibit G cells in a paracrine manner.Interestingly D cells are also found in the oxyntic region of the stomach; however, in this location, they lack luminal receptors and do not respond to gastric acidifi cation. Instead, they respond to the hormones released by duodenal acidifi cation, namely, CCK, secretin, and gastric inhibitory peptide, and further downregulate gastric production.M cells produce mucus. While they are located throughout the stomach, they are most abundant in the antrum. Chief cells share their location with parietal cells. They produce intrinsic factor,...

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Open or Laparoscopic Resection of a Large Gastric Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor

Fujita¹

2009

Arch Surg

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Gastrointestinal stromal tumors and leiomyosarcomas

Cited by 125 publications

References 92 publications

Canine Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors

Canine Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors

Stomach

Open or Laparoscopic Resection of a Large Gastric Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor

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