Gastrointestinal satiety in animals other than man

Rayner, D V

doi:10.1079/pns19920003

Cited by 15 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…We could not ®nd a source of 2-monoglyceride that could be incorporated into these foods although it would be interesting to examine the effects of 2-monoglyceride on appetite and energy intake. The results of the present study are consistent with those of Rayner et al (1992) in pigs, who found similar effects between gastric infusions of monoglyceride and triglyceride in pigs. These studies also used the 1-monoester (Rayner, personal communication).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Breakfasts high in monoglyceride or triglyceride: no differential effect on appetite or energy intake

Johnstone¹,

Ryan²,

Reid

et al. 1998

Eur J Clin Nutr

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Breakfasts high in monoglyceride or triglyceride: no differential effect on appetite or energy intake

Johnstone¹,

Ryan²,

Reid

et al. 1998

Eur J Clin Nutr

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“…This means that the energy content of the stomach can be indirectly signaled to the brain. 62 Furthermore, Hunt et al have suggested that the digestion products of protein and carbohydrates will activate duodenal osmo-receptors and lipid receptors that may be a source of feedback decreasing the rate of both gastric emptying and food intake. 63 However, other factors such as the digestibility of foods in the stomach will also affect this relationship.…”

Section: A Can Dietary Ed Be Detected By Appetite Control Mechanisms?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Density of Foods: Effects on Energy Intake

Stubbs¹,

Ferres

Horgan

2000

Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition

184

115

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This article examines the importance of dietary energy density (ED) as a major factor that may influence human appetite and energy intake (EI). The article examines whether the effects of diet composition on appetite and EI can be explained in terms of ED. There is clear evidence that dietary macronutrients exert differential effects on energy intake (EI), both in the laboratory and in real life. Under normal conditions where fat contributes disproportionately to ED, protein, carbohydrate, and fat exert hierarchical effects on satiety in the order protein >carbohydrate > fat. Alcohol appears to stimulate EI. In human appetite studies the main effect of controlling ED is to diminish the impact of differences in the satiating effects of fat and carbohydrate. ED exerts profound effects in constraining EI in short-to-medium term studies. Subjects behave differently in longer term interventions. In short-to-medium term laboratory studies, increases in ED are more effective at increasing EI than at decreasing food intake. In longer term and cross-sectional studies conducted in naturalistic environments, increased ED appears more effective at decreasing food intake and less effective at elevating EI. The available evidence suggests that we should be evolving more complex, multifactor models to account for the observations that both macronutrients and ED affect EI rather than substituting one simplistic model with another.

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“…While there is little doubt that emulsi®ed fats can increase satiety when infused directly into the small intestine, 8 the issue of whether their oral consumption has the same effect on satiety has not been resolved. Recently, a novel fat emulsion (Olibra TM ), formulated from palm oil and oat oil fractions, has been developed and incorporated into a commercially available yoghurt.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short-term effects of yoghurt containing a novel fat emulsion on energy and macronutrient intakes in non-obese subjects

Burns¹,

Livingstone²,

Welch³

et al. 2000

Int J Obes

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BACKGROUND: The satiating properties of fat remain poorly understood, particularly with reference to its physicochemical characteristics. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the short-term effects of consumption of yoghurt containing either a novel fat emulsion or normal milk fat, on the energy and macronutrient intakes of non-obese subjects. DESIGN: Two double-blind, placebo-controlled, within-subject crossover studies were conducted three months apart. Twenty-nine (15 F, 14 M) and thirty (16 F, 14 M) subjects participated in Study 1 and Study 2 respectively. In each study, subjects were given in random order, 7 days apart, either a 200 g portion of a test (5 g of a novel fat emulsion 1 g milk fat) or control (6 g milk fat) yoghurt at 1300 h. At 4 h post-consumption subjects were given ad libitum access to a range of foods. Amounts of food consumed by individuals were determined by pre-and post-covert weighing of individual serving dishes. RESULTS: Mean energy intakes were signi®cantly lower after the test yoghurt compared with the control yoghurt in Study 1 (6.4 vs 7.6 MJ; P`0.001), Study 2 (6.9 vs 7.9 MJ; P`0.001), and for both studies combined (6.7 vs 7.7 MJ; P`0.001). The corresponding fat intakes in Study 1, Study 2 and in the combined studies were all signi®cantly reduced (P`0.001). Protein and carbohydrate intakes were also signi®cantly reduced in Study 1 (P`0.05), Study 2 (P`0.01), and for the combined studies (P`0.001). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the physicochemical characteristics of small amounts of dietary fat affect short-term satiety.

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Gastrointestinal satiety in animals other than man

Cited by 15 publications

References 39 publications

Breakfasts high in monoglyceride or triglyceride: no differential effect on appetite or energy intake

Breakfasts high in monoglyceride or triglyceride: no differential effect on appetite or energy intake

Energy Density of Foods: Effects on Energy Intake

Short-term effects of yoghurt containing a novel fat emulsion on energy and macronutrient intakes in non-obese subjects

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