Gastrointestinal problems as a function of carbohydrate supplements and mode of exercise

Peters, H. P. F.; Schelven, F W van; Verstappen, P. A.; Boer, Ruud W. de; Bol, E.; Erich, W. B. M.; Togt, C. R. Van Der; Vries, W. R. de

doi:10.1249/00005768-199311000-00003

Cited by 64 publications

(50 citation statements)

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“…Although distance runners often complain of GI problems during competition, with the prevalence often being as high as 50% (Rehrer et al 1989(Rehrer et al , 1990, there is little documentation of these symptoms in cyclists (Rehrer et al 1990;Peters et al 1993). However, it is unlikely that differences in gastric emptying are responsible for the higher incidence of GI distress in runners.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fuel kinetics during intense running and cycling when fed carbohydrate

Derman

Hawley

Noakes

et al. 1996

Europ. J. Appl. Physiol.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fuel kinetics during intense running and cycling when fed carbohydrate

Derman

Hawley

Noakes

et al. 1996

Europ. J. Appl. Physiol.

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“…Several conditions unique to triathlon may limit athletes' ability to consume CHO as recommended. Indeed, athletes are usually unable to consume any food or fluid during the swim, and it has been speculated that the change in body position among the three disciplines may impair gastric emptying and increase GI distress (Peters et al, 1993), such that CHO uptake may be limited when compared with running or cycling alone.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbohydrate Intake in Form of Gel Is Associated With Increased Gastrointestinal Distress but Not With Performance Differences Compared With Liquid Carbohydrate Ingestion During Simulated Long-Distance Triathlon

Sareban

Zügel

Koehler

et al. 2016

International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism

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The ingestion of exogenous carbohydrates (CHO) during prolonged endurance exercise, such as long-distance triathlon, is considered beneficial with regard to performance. However, little is known about whether this performance benefit differs among different forms of CHO administration. To this end, the purpose of our study was to determine the impact of CHO ingestion from a semisolid source (GEL) on measures of performance and gastrointestinal (GI) comfort compared with CHO ingestion from a liquid source (LIQ). Nine well-trained triathletes participated in this randomized crossover study. Each participant completed a 60-min swim, 180-min bike exercise, and a 60-min all-out run in a laboratory environment under 2 conditions, once while receiving 67.2 ± 7.2 g · h−1 (M ± SD) of CHO from GEL and once while receiving 67.8 ± 4.2 g · h−1 of CHO from LIQ. The amount of fluid provided was matched among conditions. Respiratory exchange ratio (RER), blood glucose, and lactate as well as GI discomfort were assessed at regular intervals during the experiment. The distance covered during the final all-out run was not significantly different among participants ingesting GEL (11.81 ± 1.38 km) and LIQ (11.91 ± 1.53 km; p = .89). RER, blood glucose, and lactate did not differ significantly at any time during the experiment. Seven participants reported GI discomfort with GEL, and no athlete reported GI discomfort with LIQ (p = .016). This study suggests that administration of GEL does not alter long-distance triathlon performance when compared with LIQ, but GEL seems to be associated with reduced GI tolerance. Athletes should consider this a potential disadvantage of GEL administration during long-distance triathlon.

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“…10 It has been reported that the capacity for CH4 production is acquired by some soon after birth and then remains stable throughout their lives. 11 In some subjects, however, CH4 excretion has been reported to vary with time.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breath hydrogen and methane excretion produced by commercial beverages containing dietary fiber

Kondo

Nakae

1996

J Gastroenterol

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Soft drinks containing dietary fiber are popular in Japan. There seem to be two types, one containing polydextrose and the other, oligosaccharide. These beverages are claimed to be useful for constipation or obesity, but data are scanty. We examined four such fiber-containing beverages [Fibe-mini Otsuka Pharmaceuticals (Tokyo, Japan), Seni and Oligo Takeda Food Engineering (Osaka, Japan), Oligo CC (Calpis Food Engineering, Tokyo, Japan), and Sapitus 5289 Nakakita Pharmaceuticals (Nagoga, Japan)] for large intestine fermentability by measuring breath hydrogen (H2) and methane (CH4). Five healthy subjects (two men, three women, 22-48 years old) participated in the study. Breath H2 and CH4 were measured with a MicroLyzer (Quintron Instruments, Milwaukee, Wis.). Breath H2 increased within 2h of beverage consumption, but CH4 excretion was observed in only two subjects. Orocecal transit time was constant for all beverages. Total H2 plus CH4 excretion (AUC; area under the curve) after lactulose was 1294 +/- 250 ppm x min/g fiber. AUC for Oligo CC was significantly greater than that for Fibe-mini or Sapitus 5289 (P < 0.05). The AUCs of Fibe-mini, Seni and Oligo, Oligo CC, and Sapitus 5289 were 41%, 129%, 174%, and 40%, respectively, that of lactulose. It is concluded that commercial fiber-containing drinks produce H2, and CH4 in some people. Oligosaccharide produces more H2 and CH4 than polydextrose.

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Gastrointestinal problems as a function of carbohydrate supplements and mode of exercise

Cited by 64 publications

References 0 publications

Fuel kinetics during intense running and cycling when fed carbohydrate

Fuel kinetics during intense running and cycling when fed carbohydrate

Carbohydrate Intake in Form of Gel Is Associated With Increased Gastrointestinal Distress but Not With Performance Differences Compared With Liquid Carbohydrate Ingestion During Simulated Long-Distance Triathlon

Breath hydrogen and methane excretion produced by commercial beverages containing dietary fiber

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