Gastrointestinal peristalsis: Joint action of enteric nerves, smooth muscle, and interstitial cells of Cajal

Huizinga, Jan D.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0029(19991115)47:4<239::aid-jemt3>3.0.co;2-0

Cited by 90 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Functionally, ICC can be classified as cells that generate electrical pacemaker activity (slow waves) (15,17,22,23,36,43) or cells that serve as an interface between the enteric nervous system and the smooth musculature by mediating motor neurotransmission (17,53). ICC-IM also transduce mechanical signals such as stretch (54) and may also provide input to afferent neural pathways (6, 9 -11).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

“…ICC in these tissues were identified by Kit immunohistochemistry. Consistent with previous reports (17,34,35,53), Kit-specific immunofluorescence in the murine small intestines (n ϭ 12) was detected in two distinct classes of ICC, namely, ICC-DMP and ICC-MY. ICC-DMP were identified as elongated, occasionally branching cells with ovoid cell bodies and little perinuclear cytoplasm.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Specific ICC functions include the generation of electrical pacemaker activity that manifests in smooth muscles as electrical slow waves and contributes to segmenting and propagating (peristaltic) contractile activity (17,34,35). ICC also serve as an interface between the autonomic and enteric nervous systems and the smooth musculature by mediating efferent inputs to smooth muscle cells (15,53) and, indirectly, to the pacemaker apparatus (15).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Selective labeling and isolation of functional classes of interstitial cells of Cajal of human and murine small intestine

Chen¹,

Redelman²,

Ro³

et al. 2007

American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology

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functions of interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) have been linked to distinct classes that differ by morphology and distribution. In the small intestine, slow wavegenerating ICC are located in the myenteric region (ICC-MY), whereas ICC that mediate neuromuscular neurotransmission occur either throughout the circular muscle layer (intramuscular ICC, ICC-IM) or in association with the deep muscular plexus (ICC-DMP). Selective isolation of ICC to characterize specific properties has been difficult. Recently, neurokinin-1 receptors have been detected in murine ICC-DMP and neurons but not in ICC-MY. Here we identified and isolated ICC-DMP/IM by receptor-mediated internalization of fluorescent substance P and Kit immunofluorescence. Specificity of labeling was verified by confocal microscopy. Mouse and human ICC-DMP/IM were detected in suspension by fluorescent microscopy and harvested for RT-PCR with micropipettes. The isolated cells expressed Kit but not markers for neurons, smooth muscle, or antigenpresenting cells. ICC-DMP expressed neurokinin-1 receptor, M 2 and M 3 muscarinic receptors, P2Y1 and P2Y 4 purinergic receptors, VIP receptor 2, soluble guanylate cyclase-1 subunits, and protein kinase G. L-or T-type Ca 2ϩ channels were not detected in these cells. ICC-MY and ICC-DMP were simultaneously detected and enumerated by flow cytometry and sorted to purity by fluorescence-activated cell sorting. In summary, functional classes of ICC have distinct molecular identities that can be used to selectively identify and harvest these cells with, for example, receptor-mediated uptake of substance P and Kit immunofluorescence. ICC-DMP express neurotransmitter receptors and signaling intermediate molecules that are consistent with their role in neuromuscular neurotransmission.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Selective labeling and isolation of functional classes of interstitial cells of Cajal of human and murine small intestine

Chen¹,

Redelman²,

Ro³

et al. 2007

American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology

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“…Research on the physiology and biochemistry of these cells through patch clamping and other electrophysiological techniques helped to gain insight into their function as the pacemakers of the gut [4][5][6][7]. However, other molecular techniques, such as RT-PCR and qPCR have only been used in a limited way because there is no pure culture of ICC or ICC cell line on which to perform gene expression analysis separately from the associated tissues, such as the enteric nerves and smooth muscle [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ano1 is a better marker than c-Kit for transcript analysis of single interstitial cells of Cajal in culture

Loera-Valencia¹,

Wang

Wright

et al. 2014

Cellular and Molecular Biology Letters

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Abstract:The interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) drive the slow wave-associated contractions in the small intestine. A commonly used marker for these cells is c-Kit, but another marker named Ano1 was recently described. This study uses single-cell RT-PCR, qPCR and immunohistochemistry to determine if Ano1 could be reliably used as a molecular marker for ICC in single-cell mRNA analysis. Here, we report on the relationship between the expression of c-Kit and Ano1 in single ICC in culture. We observed that Ano1 is expressed in more than 60% of the collected cells, whereas c-Kit is found only in 22% of the cells (n = 18). When we stained ICC primary cultures for c-KIT and ANO1 protein, we found complete co-localization in all the preparations. We propose that this difference is due to the regulation of c-Kit mRNA in culture. This regulation gives rise to low levels of its transcript, while Ano1 is expressed more prominently in culture on day 4. We also propose that Ano1 is more suitable for single-cell expression analysis as a marker for cell identity than c-Kit at the mRNA level. We hope this evidence will help to validate and increase the success of future studies characterizing single ICC expression patterns.

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“…Peristalsis is a complex coordination of contraction in the muscularis externa (circular and longitudinal layers) resulting in the mixing and aboral propulsion of foodstuffs through the intestinal tract that is believed to be regulated in part by the ICC (Huizinga, 1999;Rumessen and Vanderwinden, 2003;Sanders et al, 2006). Liu et al (1997) reported that there is no communication between SMCs in the circular lamellae of dog in the absence of ICC or branching SMCs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unique contractile and structural protein expression in dog ileal inner circular smooth muscle

Eddinger

2009

J. Smooth Muscle Res.

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This study was designed to test the hypothesis that there is heterogeneous expression of contractile and structural proteins between the smooth muscle cells (SMCs) in the inner and outer circular muscle (ICM and OCM) layers of the ileum. Immunohistochemical staining and quantitation of fresh frozen sections of the dog ileum was performed using protein specific antibodies. Smooth muscle (SM) SMA myosin heavy chain (MHC), α-and γ -SM actin, and vinculin all show greater expression in the ICM relative to the OCM. SMB MHC and fibronectin show the opposite pattern, with greater expression in the OCM relative to the ICM. Differences in expression of these proteins are consistent with proposed differences in function of these muscle layers. Hypotheses regarding muscle tone and the coordination and regulation of peristalsis via these different muscle layers based on this data can now be made and tested.

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Gastrointestinal peristalsis: Joint action of enteric nerves, smooth muscle, and interstitial cells of Cajal

Cited by 90 publications

References 60 publications

Selective labeling and isolation of functional classes of interstitial cells of Cajal of human and murine small intestine

Selective labeling and isolation of functional classes of interstitial cells of Cajal of human and murine small intestine

Ano1 is a better marker than c-Kit for transcript analysis of single interstitial cells of Cajal in culture

Unique contractile and structural protein expression in dog ileal inner circular smooth muscle

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