Gastrointestinal parasites of arctic foxes (Vulpes lagopus) and sibling voles (Microtus levis) in Spitsbergen, Svalbard

Myšková, Eva; Brož, Marek; Fuglei, Eva; Kvičerová, Jana; Mácová, Anna; Sak, Bohumil; Kváč, Martin; Ditrich, Oleg

doi:10.1007/s00436-019-06502-8

Cited by 17 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…and Myodes spp. (Bajer, 2008; Bajer et al., 2002; Horčičková et al., 2019; Kivistö et al., 2021; Myšková et al., 2019; Perec‐Matysiak, Buńkowska‐Gawlik, Zaleśny, & Hildebrand, 2015; Stenger et al., 2018). Lower prevalence rates have been documented in Mus spp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wild micromammal host spectrum of zoonotic eukaryotic parasites in Spain. Occurrence and genetic characterisation

Vioque

Dashti

Santı́n

et al. 2022

Transbounding Emerging Dis

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SUMMARY Micromammals have historically been recognized as highly contentious species in terms of the maintenance and transmission of zoonotic pathogens to humans. Limited information is currently available on the epidemiology and potential public health significance of intestinal eukaryotes in wild micromammals. We examined 490 faecal samples, grouped into 155 pools, obtained from 11 micromammal species captured in 11 Spanish provinces for the presence of DNA from Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia duodenalis, Enterocytozoon bieneusi and Blastocystis sp. The presence of Leishmania spp. was investigated in individual spleen samples. All micromammal species investigated harboured infections by at least one eukaryotic parasite, except Apodemus flavicollis, Myodes glareolus, Sorex coronatus and Sciurus vulgaris, but the sample size for these host species was very low. Cryptosporidium spp. was the most prevalent species found (3.7%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.2–5.7), followed by G. duodenalis (2.8%, 95% CI: 1.6–4.6) and E. bieneusi (2.6%, 95% CI: 1.4–4.3). All pooled faecal samples tested negative for Blastocystis sp. Leishmania infantum was identified in 0.41% (95% CI: 0.05–1.46) of the 490 individual spleen samples analysed. Sequence analyses allowed the identification of Cryptosporidium andersoni (5.9%), C. ditrichi (11.7%), C. muris (5.9%), C. parvum (5.9%), C. tyzzeri (5.9%), rat genotypes CR97 (5.9%) and W19 (5.9%), vole genotypes V (11.7%) and VII (5.9%) and Cryptosproridium spp. (35.3%) within Cryptosporidium (n = 17). Known genotypes C (66.7%) and Peru11 (25.0%) and a novel genotype (named MouseSpEb1, 8.3%) were detected within E. bieneusi (n = 12). None of the G. duodenalis‐positive samples could be genotyped at the assemblage level. Molecular data indicate that wild micromammals were primarily infected by rodent‐adapted species/genotypes of eukaryotic pathogens and thereby have a limited role as a source of human infections. The presence of ruminant‐adapted species C. andersoni along with finding C. parvum is indicative of an overlap between domestic/peri‐domestic and sylvatic transmission cycles of these agents.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wild micromammal host spectrum of zoonotic eukaryotic parasites in Spain. Occurrence and genetic characterisation

Vioque

Dashti

Santı́n

et al. 2022

Transbounding Emerging Dis

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“…12.3% of tested foxes were found to be infected in Italy (27), 7.0% in Sweden (39), 5,5% in Switzerland (6), 4.8% in Ukraine (36) and 1.6% in Norway (38). However, Trichuris vulpis, which is localized in the large intestine, was very often not taken into consideration during post-mortem parasitological investigations because surveillances in foxes were often limited to the small intestine (1).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Otranto and Deplazes (45) note that Toxocara canis infections are generally higher in young foxes (under 6 months of age), although, a relatively high prevalence rate have also been among adult foxes in endemic territories, representing weak immune status against intestinal.Higher prevalence of Toxocara canis than Toxascaris leonina has also been found in other countries, including Denmark (59.4% and 0.6%) (40), Italy (52.6% and 0%)(27), Slovakia (25.8% and 17.5%)(46) and Kyrgyzstan (30.4% and 5.9%) (47). However, a higher prevalence of Toxascaris leonina than Toxocara canis has been found in some countries, including Sweden (respectively 65.0% and 30.0%)(39), Turkey (65.0% and 20.0%)(48), Greenland (41.8% and 0.0%)(49) and Norway (12.9% and 1.6%)(38). The exceptions are the studies from the Czech Republic, where the prevalence of both species in foxes was equal (2).The parasite with the lowest prevalence in this study was Trichuris vulpis.…”

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confidence: 99%

Prevalence of intestinal nematodes of red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in north-west Poland

Tylkowska

Pilarczyk

Tomza–Marciniak

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: The red fox (Vulpes vulpes) is a widely distributed animal in the world. This wild carnivore is also a common host of several dangerous zoonotic parasites, primarily nematodes. Nematodes of red foxes, such as Toxocara canis and Uncinaria stenocephala, can cause numerous health problems in humans and domesticated animals. The aim of the study was to determine the parameters of occurrence of nematodes in red fox (Vulpes vulpes) in north-western Poland. Methods: The study was carried out in north-western Poland. The research material consisted of 620 red foxes (Vulpes vulpes). Parasitological sections of the foxes were taken using the sedimentation and counting technique.Results: The prevalence of infestations with nematodes was 77.3%, while the mean infection intensity was 20.1 per animal. The presence of Toxocara canis, Toxascaris leonina, Uncinaria stenocephala and Trichuris vulpis was noted. The greatest prevalence was presented by Uncinaria stenocephala (34.0%). Male and female foxes displayed a similar prevalence of nematodes. Their presence was recorded in the duodenum, jejunum, ileum and caecum of the foxes, and they were significantly more common in the jejunum than in other parts. The most commonly-observed coinfection was between Uncinaria stenocephala and Toxocara canis. Conclusions: It can be seen that nematodes are present in high numbers among foxes in north-western Poland. This phenomenon certainly contributes to an increased risk of transmission of parasites to humans and domestic animals, and this can represent a threat to health and even life.

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“…In general, knowledge about the parasite fauna in cold areas remains poor, and zoonotic parasitosis received most attention so far [21]. Despite an intensified effort, reflected by the numerous parasitological surveys conducted recently [55–58], fish flatworms are rarely studied in the Svalbard archipelago. Rokicka (2009) does not mention a single monogenean infection for over 94 examined fish specimens belonging to 4 species [59].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parasitic flatworms infecting thorny skate,Amblyraja radiata:infection by the monogeneansAcanthocotyle verrilliandRajonchocotyle emarginatain Svalbard

Hermans

Vanhove

Ditrich

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Parasite diversity above the Arctic circle remains understudied even for commercially valuable host taxa. Thorny skate, Amblyraja radiata, is a common bycatch species with a growing commercial value. Its natural range covers both sides of the North Atlantic including the Arctic zone. Svalbard is a Norwegian archipelago located on the northwest corner of the Barents Shelf which sustains a spectacular species diversity. So far, several monogenean species have been reported infecting thorny skate across the Atlantic Ocean. In the present study, we intend to fill in the knowledge gap on monogenean parasites infecting thorny skate in the northern part of its range and thus indirectly assess the connectivity between the thorny skate populations off the Svalbard coast and from previously studied locations. 46 monogenean individuals were recovered from 11 specimens of thorny skate. Following morphological and molecular assessment, two species of monogeneans, Acanthocotyle verrilli and Rajonchocotyle emarginata, were identified. The results serve as the northernmost record for both parasite genera and the first record of monogenean species off Svalbard. Detailed morphometric evaluation revealed a relatively high level of morphological variation in A. verrilli compared to its congeners. Phylogenetic reconstruction placed A. verrilli in a well-supported clade with A. imo. Our study also suggests high diagnostic significance of sclerotised structures in the identification of Rajonchocotyle. Even though the occurrence of two directly transmitted parasite species supports the previously suggested long-distance migration of A. radiata, future studies employing highly variable genetic markers are needed to assess the ongoing and historical migration patterns.HighlightsFirst record of monogenean species in SvalbardNorthernmost record for representatives of Acanthocotylidae and HexabothriidaeTransatlantic occurrence of parasites supports connectivity of thorny skate populations

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Gastrointestinal parasites of arctic foxes (Vulpes lagopus) and sibling voles (Microtus levis) in Spitsbergen, Svalbard

Cited by 17 publications

References 57 publications

Wild micromammal host spectrum of zoonotic eukaryotic parasites in Spain. Occurrence and genetic characterisation

Wild micromammal host spectrum of zoonotic eukaryotic parasites in Spain. Occurrence and genetic characterisation

Prevalence of intestinal nematodes of red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in north-west Poland

Parasitic flatworms infecting thorny skate,Amblyraja radiata:infection by the monogeneansAcanthocotyle verrilliandRajonchocotyle emarginatain Svalbard

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