Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Small Ruminants: Life Cycle, Anthelmintics, and Diagnosis

Zajac, Anne M.

doi:10.1016/j.cvfa.2006.07.006

Cited by 108 publications

(113 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Similar to the report of Rahmeto Abebe et al (2010) the prevalence of strongyle infection in sheep and goats showed no significant (P >0.05) variation. This might be due to similarities in agroecology and in management of both sheep and goats, kept by traditional extensive management system (Zalac, 2006). The study area characterized by communal grazing area, and hence, both sheep and goats have equal chance to acquire the infective larvae of strongyles.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gastro-intestinal nematodes of sheep and goats in three districts of Kaffa and Bench Maji Zones, Southwest Ethiopia

Kenea¹,

Bekele²,

Sheferaw³

2015

Ethiop. Vet. J.

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A cross-sectional study was conducted to estimate the prevalence and to identify the genera of gastrointestinal strongyles infecting sheep goats in Chena and Gimbo (Kaffa Zone) and Semen-Bench (Bench Maji zones) districts, Southwest Ethiopia. A total of 800 faecal samples were collected from sheep (n=492) and goats (n=308), and then examined by floatation technique. Positive faecal samples were pooled and cultured and third stage larvae (L 3 ) were harvested and identified. From 800 examined faecal sample 433 (54.1 %) were positive for gastrointestinal parasites eggs. Among the risk factors considered in this study age, body condition and history of previous deworming showed significant (P < 0.05) association with gastrointestinal parasites prevalence. Strongyle type eggs dominated the spectrum of infections, where by 73.1% sheep and 72.8% goats were positive for strongyles infection. From the pooled faecal sample culture seven nematode genera were identified in all the study districts (Chena, Gimbo and Semen-Bench) and both in sheep and goats. These genera include Bunostomum, Chabertia, Cooperia, Haemonchus, Oesophagostomum, Teladorsagia and Trichostrongylus. Among these Trichostrongylus, Bunostomum, Haemonchus and Cooperia were the dominant genera in all the three districts. This study indicated that gastrointestinal parasites were among the serious health problem both in sheep and goats in Kaffa and Bench Maji zones. Further study is required to identify the prevailing parasite species and assess the seasonal dynamics of the gastrointestinal parasites in the study areas and thereby to design appropriate control methods that enable to overcome the existing problem.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gastro-intestinal nematodes of sheep and goats in three districts of Kaffa and Bench Maji Zones, Southwest Ethiopia

Kenea¹,

Bekele²,

Sheferaw³

2015

Ethiop. Vet. J.

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“…This study showed that the prevalence of nematode parasites in goats was 53.29% (97/182) which agree with finding of Zeryehun [13] in and around Haramaya district Eastern Ethiopia and Tigist et al [18] in South West Ethiopia who reported 54.61% and 52.6% respectively while it contrary to the previous study done by Kumsa et al [21] in central Ethiopia that reported 83.1% prevalence of nematodes of goats. The difference of findings could be occurred due to difference in sample size taken and type of utilized technique, ecological and climate diversity as well as the existing host range [22].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gastrointestinal Nematode Parasites of Small Ruminants and Anthelmintics Efficacy Test in Sheep of Haramaya District, Eastern Ethiopia

Ahmed¹

2017

AVS

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Abstract:The combination of cross-section and controlled field trail were carried out from December 2015 to June 2016 at Haramaya District, Eastern Hararhge, Ethiopia to evaluate the prevalence ofgastrointestinal nematodes and anthelmintic efficacy test in naturally infected small ruminants using faecal egg count reduction (FECR) test. From a total of 372 faecal samples examined using fecal flotation technique about 57% (212/372) samples were positive to gastrointestinal nematodes. Coprological investigation revealed that sheep and goats in district were infested with varieties of nematode parasites. The strongyles species were highly prevalent nematode parasites identified at about 22.3% (83/372) followed by trichuris 9.1% (34/372) and strongyloides 5.6% (21/372); whereas mixed infections of strongyles and strongyloides were recovered at lowest rate which accounted for about 5.1% (19/372). From considered risk factors age and kebele showed significant association (p<0.05) with prevalence of nematodes parasites. The study revealed that 53.29% (97/182) of goats and 60.53% (115/190) sheep were found positive, while 58% (115/198) in female and 55.74% (97/174) in male and showed no significant difference (p>0.05) between these factors. Mc Master egg counting in sheep harbored nematode parasites showed relatively similar percentage with no significant difference; but more of examined animals were classified in the range of moderate to heavy infections. The faecal egg count reduction test against albendazole, Tetraclozash and ivermectin indicated that 97.59%, 98.79% and 99.56% respectively which indicated an overall of very good state of efficacy against gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep. Therefore this study revealed that small ruminants of the study area harbored considerable level of gastrointestinal nematodes parasites which need further studies on species identification, larval ecology and strategic deworming with proper practice of available anthelmintics in small ruminants of the study area.

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“…After a second molt, larvae become the infective third-stage (L 3 ) about 5 days after passing out in the faeces. These larvae maintain the cuticle of the second stage as a protective sheath, which protects the L 3 from harsh environmental conditions and prevents it from feeding [37] (Figure 5). (2).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Haemonchus Contortus and Ovine Host: A Retrospective Review.

Ashram¹,

Nasr²,

Mehmood³

et al. 2017

IJAR

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Gastrointestinal (GI) parasitic infections are a world-wide problem for both small-and large-scale farmers. Infection by GI parasites in ruminants, including sheep and goat can result in harsh economic losses in a variety of ways: reproductive inefficiency, decreased work capacity, involuntary culling, diminished food intake, poor animal growth rates and lower weight gains, treatment and management costs, and mortality in heavily parasitized animals. Among the GI parasites that cause losses to the farming industry, the barber"s pole worm Haemonchus contortus is the predominant, blood-sucking, highly pathogenic, and economically important nematode that infects small ruminants. Here, we review the historical and recent literature on the ovine-parasite-environment interaction for H. contortus to bring avenues where advances in the understanding of these interactions is an indispensible to develop a cost effective control strategies as potential options for the haemonchosis control in sheep and the proper management of sheep in various production systems.

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Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Small Ruminants: Life Cycle, Anthelmintics, and Diagnosis

Cited by 108 publications

References 18 publications

Gastro-intestinal nematodes of sheep and goats in three districts of Kaffa and Bench Maji Zones, Southwest Ethiopia

Gastro-intestinal nematodes of sheep and goats in three districts of Kaffa and Bench Maji Zones, Southwest Ethiopia

Gastrointestinal Nematode Parasites of Small Ruminants and Anthelmintics Efficacy Test in Sheep of Haramaya District, Eastern Ethiopia

Haemonchus Contortus and Ovine Host: A Retrospective Review.

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