Gastrointestinal microbiota in children with autism in Slovakia

Tomova, Aleksandra; Husarova, Veronika; Lakatošová, Silvia; Bakoš, Ján; Vlková, Barbora; Babinská, Katarína; Ostatníková, Daniela

doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2014.10.033

Cited by 483 publications

(457 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…For the first time, we explored the mother-child relationships of plasma OXT and AVP levels, but neither showed a significant correlation, suggesting that these neuropeptides may not be the common biological basis accounting for the autism phenotype in ASD and their mothers. Modahl et al (1998) first reported lower plasma levels of OXT in pre-pubertal autistic boys than in age-matched controls [20], and subsequent researchers reported a similar decrease in autistic children [18,19,25]. In accord with these findings, our results also showed significantly lower OXT levels in the plasma of ASD children relative to controls.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Four studies have shown lower plasma OXT levels in children with ASD than in control individuals [15,[18][19][20], two studies have reported higher OXT levels [21,22], and one has reported no overall group difference [23]. Relationships between plasma OXT levels and social behaviors were either not investigated [15,21] or were analyzed in subsets or subtypes of ASD [22,23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Relationships between plasma OXT levels and social behaviors were either not investigated [15,21] or were analyzed in subsets or subtypes of ASD [22,23]. One study with small samples reporting a positive correlation of plasma OXT levels and autism severity [19] is contradicted by another study [18]. Similarly, three studies of plasma AVP concentrations in individuals with ASD were also not in accord with each other [23][24][25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Plasma Oxytocin and Arginine-Vasopressin Levels in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder in China: Associations with Symptoms

Zhang

Dai

et al. 2016

Neurosci. Bull.

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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is defined by impairments of social interaction and the presence of obsessive behaviors. The ''twin'' nonapeptides oxytocin (OXT) and arginine-vasopressin (AVP) are known to play regulatory roles in social behaviors. However, the plasma levels and behavioral relevance of OXT and AVP in children with ASD have seldom been investigated. It is also unknown whether their mothers have abnormal plasma peptide levels. Here, using well-established methods of neuropeptide measurement and a relatively large sample size, we determined the plasma levels of the two neuropeptides in 85 normal children, 84 children with ASD, and 31 mothers from each group of children. As expected, children with ASD had lower plasma OXT levels than gender-matched controls (P = 0.028). No such difference was found for plasma AVP concentrations. Correlation analysis showed that ASD children with higher plasma OXT concentrations tended to have less impairment of verbal communication (Rho = -0.22, P = 0.076), while those with higher plasma AVP levels tended to have lower levels of repetitive use of objects (Rho = -0.231, P = 0.079). Unlike the findings in children, maternal plasma OXT levels showed no group difference. However, plasma AVP levels in the mothers of ASD children tended to be lower than in the mothers of normal children (P = 0.072). In conclusion, our results suggest that the OXT system is dysregulated in children with ASD, and that OXT and AVP levels in plasma seem to be associated with specific autistic symptoms. The plasma levels of OXT or AVP in mothers and their ASD children did not seem to change in the same direction.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Plasma Oxytocin and Arginine-Vasopressin Levels in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder in China: Associations with Symptoms

Zhang

Dai

et al. 2016

Neurosci. Bull.

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“…Supplementation of these patients with a probiotic diet corrected the imbalanced Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes ratio, suppressed Delsufovibrio spp., and increased the amount of Bifidobacterium spp. present in the stool (Tomova et al, 2015).…”

Section: ) or Pbs (Controls)mentioning

confidence: 97%

Microbiome Disturbances and Autism Spectrum Disorders

2015

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Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are considered a heterogenous set of neurobehavioral diseases, with the rates of diagnosis dramatically increasing in the past few decades. As genetics alone does not explain the underlying cause in many cases, attention has turned to environmental factors as potential etiological agents. Gastrointestinal disorders are a common comorbidity in ASD patients. It was thus hypothesized that a gut-brain link may account for some autistic cases. With the characterization of the human microbiome, this concept has been expanded to include the microbiota-gut-brain axis. There are mounting reports in animal models and human epidemiologic studies linking disruptive alterations in the gut microbiota or dysbiosis and ASD symptomology. In this review, we will explore the current evidence that gut dysbiosis in animal models and ASD patients correlates with disease risk and severity. The studies to date have surveyed how gut microbiome changes may affect these neurobehavioral disorders. However, we harbor other microbiomes in the body that might impact brain function. We will consider microbial colonies residing in the oral cavity, vagina, and the most recently discovered one in the placenta. Based on the premise that gut microbiota alterations may be causative agents in ASD, several therapeutic options have been tested, such as diet modulations, prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics, postbiotics, antibiotics, fecal transplantation, and activated charcoal. The potential benefits of these therapies will be considered. Finally, the possible mechanisms by which changes in the gut bacterial communities may result in ASD and related neurobehavioral disorders will be examined.

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“…They have also shown a trend in the incidence of elevated Desulfovibrio spp in children with autism along with a very strong association of the amount of Desulfovibrio spp with the severity of autism [11]. On the other hand, Kang, et al (2013) compared fecal DNA samples between autistic and healthy children and found less diverse gut microbial compositions and a significantly lower abundances of the genera Prevotella, Coprococcus and unclassified Veillonellaceae.…”

Section: The Intestinal Microbiome In Autism Spectrum Disordermentioning

confidence: 98%

The effect of intestinal microbiome on autism spectrum disorder

Γώγου¹,

Gogou²

2016

JPS

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In recent years the gut microbiome has been identified as a major regulator of many organism systems normal function. There is also data showing that gut microbiome is involved in brain development, as it affects synaptogenesis, development of dopamine system and blood-brain barrier permeability. On the other hand, the intestinal microbiome presents significant changes between children with autism and normal children and by-products of gut microbiota seem to be correlated with certain aspects of autistic phenotype, although findings tend to be controversial among different studies. Modification of intestinal microbiome could alleviate some symptoms of autism, but controlled clinical trials are not available, yet.

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Gastrointestinal microbiota in children with autism in Slovakia

Cited by 483 publications

References 58 publications

Plasma Oxytocin and Arginine-Vasopressin Levels in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder in China: Associations with Symptoms

Plasma Oxytocin and Arginine-Vasopressin Levels in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder in China: Associations with Symptoms

Microbiome Disturbances and Autism Spectrum Disorders

The effect of intestinal microbiome on autism spectrum disorder

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