Gastrointestinal microbiome, what is behind faecal microbiota transplantation?

Abstract

The intestinal microbiota is made up of billions of microorganisms that coexist in an organised ecosystem, where strict and facultative anaerobic bacteria predominate. The alteration or imbalance of these microorganisms, known as dysbiosis, can be associated with both gastrointestinal and extraintestinal diseases. Based on a review of the literature, the intestinal microbiota is described in its state of health, the changes associated with some gastrointestinal diseases and the potential role that faecal microbiota transplantation has in the reestablishment of an altered ecosystem. Undoubtedly, the information revealed makes us reflect on the indication of faecal microbiota transplantation in various pathologies of intestinal origin. However, to ensure the efficacy and safety of this therapy, more studies are needed to obtain more evidence.

Irritable bowel syndrome patients who are not likely to respond to fecal microbiota transplantation

“…In addition to bacteria, the gut microbiota includes fungi, archaea, viruses, and protozoans 1,2 . Although bacteria have been detected in the esophagus and stomach, most gut bacteria are located in the intestine 1,2 1–4 .…”

“…Although bacteria have been detected in the esophagus and stomach, most gut bacteria are located in the intestine 1,2 1–4 . Gut microbiota are important for health, and disturbing their composition is associated with several gastrointestinal and nongastrointestinal disorders/diseases 1,2 …”

“…[1][2][3][4] Gut microbiota are important for health, and disturbing their composition is associated with several gastrointestinal and nongastrointestinal disorders/diseases. 1,2 The intestinal bacteria of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients deviate from those of healthy subjects, with these patients also having a lower bacterial diversity (dysbiosis). [5][6][7][8][9][10] This deviation is believed to be involved in the pathophysiology of this disorder.…”

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In addition to bacteria, the gut microbiota includes fungi, archaea, viruses, and protozoans. 1,2 Although bacteria have been detected in the esophagus and stomach, most gut bacteria are located in the intestine. 1,2 The intestine contains more than 2000 bacteria species that mostly belong to the phyla Firmicutes and Bacteroides.

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“…1,2 The intestine contains more than 2000 bacteria species that mostly belong to the phyla Firmicutes and Bacteroides. [1][2][3][4] Gut microbiota are important for health, and disturbing their composition is associated with several gastrointestinal and nongastrointestinal disorders/diseases. 1,2 The intestinal bacteria of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients deviate from those of healthy subjects, with these patients also having a lower bacterial diversity (dysbiosis).…”