Gastrointestinal metastatic melanoma: imaging findings and review of literature

Abstract

Melanoma represents approximately 5% of all the skin cancers and is well known for its ability to metastasize to a wide range of atypical locations. Organs most commonly affected by metastatic melanoma include liver, lung and brain, but spread to the gastrointestinal tract is not uncommon and small bowel involvement ranges from 51 to 71% of the cases. Given the nonspecific nature of the clinical presentation and the broad differential diagnosis, the prompt choice of imaging modality and its correct interpretation is important in order to perform a timely diagnosis. Early diagnosis and treatment of these lesions improve survival and quality of life, even in palliative cases. In this narrative review, we analyze the different imaging modalities used in the diagnosis of gastrointestinal metastases from melanoma. Typical radiological signs supporting the radiologists in interpreting images are also discussed.