Gastrointestinal Manifestations, Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of COVID-19 in Adult and Pediatric Patients

Russo, T.; Pizuorno, Antonio; Oskrochi, Gholamreza; Latella, Giovanni; Massironi, Sara; Schettino, M.; Aghemo, Alessio; Pugliese, Nicola Riccardo; Brim, Hassan; Ashktorab, Hassan

doi:10.15226/sojmid/8/1/001109

Cited by 4 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 42 publications

(40 reference statements)

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“…In these case series, the level of reported fever among symptomatic children with COVID-19 was in the range of 69–78% and a cough was reported in 36–67% of cases. Compared to adult populations, children in our study reported lower frequency for most symptoms, which was also in line with other studies comparing frequency of symptoms among children and adults [ 39 , 40 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Children are more likely to be asymptomatic or to have a mild COVID-19 infection compared to adults—as is supported by our study findings [ 39 , 40 ]; however, children face a similar risk of being infected with COVID-19 [ 49 ]. Our study found that young children, female children, and non-national children were less likely to be tested for COVID-19 using RT-PCR testing.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

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Clinical and Epidemiological Presentation of COVID-19 among Children in Conflict Setting

et al. 2022

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Background: This study aims to describe the observable symptoms of children with COVID-19 infection and analyze access to real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing among children seeking care in Yemen. Method: In the period of March 2020–February 2022, data were obtained from 495 children suspected to have been infected with COVID-19 (from a larger register of 5634 patients) from the Diseases Surveillance and Infection Control Department at the Ministry of Public Health and Population in Aden, Yemen. Results: Overall, 21.4% of the children with confirmed COVID-19 infection were asymptomatic. Fever (71.4%) and cough (67.1%) were the most frequently reported symptoms among children, and children were less likely to have fever (p < 0.001), sore throat (p < 0.001) and cough (p < 0.001) compared to adults. A lower frequency of COVID-19-associated symptoms was reported among children with positive RT-PCR tests compared to children with negative tests. A lower rate of testing was conducted among children (25%) compared to adults (61%). Fewer tests were carried out among children years (11%) compared to other age groups (p < 0.001), for children from other nationalities (4%) compared to Yemeni children (p < 0.001) and for girls (21%) compared to boys (30%) (p 0.031). Conclusion: Understanding and addressing the cause of these disparities and improving guidelines for COVID-19 screening among children will improve access to care and control of the COVID-19 pandemic.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Clinical and Epidemiological Presentation of COVID-19 among Children in Conflict Setting

et al. 2022

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“…The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic caused by the novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, has evolved into a global health crisis. Initially focused on respiratory symptoms, it's now clear that COVID-19 presents a complex clinical picture affecting various organ systems 32 , 33 . Neurological manifestations have gained attention for their potential impact on both immediate clinical care and long-term health outcomes 34 , 35 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroimaging findings in children with COVID-19 infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Safadieh,

El Majzoub,

Abou Abbas

2024

Sci Rep

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The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted individuals differently, and there's been a growing body of evidence pointing to neurological complications caused by the virus. However, our understanding of the range of neurological issues linked to SARS-CoV-2 infection in children is limited. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the abnormal neuroimaging findings in pediatric COVID-19 patients, shedding light on this crucial aspect of the disease's impact on children. We conducted an extensive search in the PubMed, Medline, and ScienceDirect databases for observational studies reporting neuroimaging findings of the brain and spinal cord in children with COVID-19 between December 1, 2019, and October 30, 2021. Grey literature sources, including medRxiv and Google Scholar, were also explored. Pooled proportions of abnormal neuroimaging findings, categorized into neurovascular findings, ADEM-like lesions, encephalitic pattern, myelitis, transient splenial lesions, and other anomalies, were calculated using a random-effects model. Between-study heterogeneity was assessed using the χ2 statistic for pooled proportions and the inconsistency index I2. The Quality of the studies was evaluated using the NIH Quality Assessment Tool and the adapted Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. Our search yielded 9,605 articles, with 96 studies (involving 327 pediatric patients) included in the qualitative analysis. Of these, five reports (encompassing 111 patients) underwent quantitative analysis. The pooled proportion of pediatric COVID-19 patients with neurological symptoms and exhibiting abnormal neuroimaging findings was 43.74%. These findings were further categorized into neurovascular findings (8.22%), ADEM-like lesions (7.69%), encephalitic pattern (13.95%), myelitis (4.60%), transient splenial lesions (16.26%), and other abnormalities (12.03%). Insignificant between-study heterogeneity was observed in all categories, and our analysis did not reveal significant publication bias. In conclusion, a substantial proportion of pediatric COVID-19 patients with neurological symptoms have abnormal neuroimaging findings, underscoring the need for vigilant monitoring of neurological complications in this vulnerable population. Standardized reporting and long-term follow-up studies are essential to fully understand the implications of these findings. Collaborative research efforts will deepen our understanding of COVID-19's neurological dimensions in children and enhance clinical care for this population.

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“…Rotavirus is one of the common viruses that can cause acute gastroenteritis in children, especially in those younger than five years [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. Rotaviruses are non-enveloped double-stranded RNA viruses that contain 11 segments and are classified into seven serogroups (A to G) and two sub-groups (I or II) [ 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These viruses are further classified based on the antigenicity of the inner capsid protein (VP6). Group A rotaviruses are the most common causes of infections in children and are further subdivided into several genotypes based on the outer capsid glycoprotein VP7 (G-type) and VP4 (P-type) [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ]. Although vaccination has decreased the prevalence of Group A rotavirus infections in South Korea, since 2000, Group A strains with the G4P and G8P genotypes have been predominant in children younger than 12 months in group outbreaks [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

National Trends in Rotavirus Enteritis among Infants in South Korea, 2010–2021: A Nationwide Cohort

Lee,

Choi,

Park

et al. 2023

Children

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Rotavirus causes a gastrointestinal tract infection that primarily affects young children. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, individuals infected with the virus were subjected to quarantine measures, with strong emphases on personal hygiene and social distancing. The present study aimed to evaluate the characteristics of rotaviruses and compare the prevalence of rotavirus infection before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. This nationwide representative study was conducted using data acquired from the National Health Insurance Service between 2010 and 2021. We analyzed the data of patients younger than 12 months old who were diagnosed with rotavirus enteritis between January 2010 and December 2021. During the study period, a total of 34,487 infants younger than 12 months were diagnosed with rotavirus enteritis in South Korea. During the two-year COVID-19 pandemic (2020–2021), the rate of decline was significant (5843 cases in 2010 and 1125 in 2019), and by 2021, the total number of patients was almost negligible, as there are only 18 cases in 2021. A significant increase in the ratio of low birth weight (LBW) infants of inpatient department was observed from 2010 to 2021 (4.86% in 2010; 7.77% in 2019; and 23.08% in 2021), indicating that LBW infants are more vulnerable than infants born with normal weight. Average medical expenses related to rotavirus infections also declined significantly from 3,789,443,998 per year (pre-pandemic) to 808,353,795 per year (pandemic). Overall, personal hygiene and social distancing may play important roles in reducing rotavirus infections. However, further studies are needed to determine whether this decreasing trend persists after quarantine and whether the social life of individuals resumes.

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Gastrointestinal Manifestations, Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of COVID-19 in Adult and Pediatric Patients

Cited by 4 publications

References 42 publications

Clinical and Epidemiological Presentation of COVID-19 among Children in Conflict Setting

Clinical and Epidemiological Presentation of COVID-19 among Children in Conflict Setting

Neuroimaging findings in children with COVID-19 infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis

National Trends in Rotavirus Enteritis among Infants in South Korea, 2010–2021: A Nationwide Cohort

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