Gastrointestinal Imaging Findings in the Era of COVID-19: A Pictorial Review

Mavropoulou, Xanthippi; Psoma, Elisavet; Papachristodoulou, Angeliki; Pyrrou, Nikoletta; Spanou, Ekaterini; Alexandratou, Maria; Sidiropoulou, Maria; Theocharidou, Anastasia; Rafailidis, Vasileios; Chrysanthidis, Theofilos; Prassopoulos, Panos

doi:10.3390/medicina59071332

Medicina

2023

DOI: 10.3390/medicina59071332

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Gastrointestinal Imaging Findings in the Era of COVID-19: A Pictorial Review

Xanthippi Mavropoulou,

Elisavet Psoma,

Angeliki Papachristodoulou

et al.

Abstract: The potentially fatal COVID-19 pandemic has been associated with a largespectrum of clinical presentations. Beyond the classical pulmonary manifestations, gastrointestinal tract-related symptoms suchas nausea, diarrhea, abdominal distention and pain have been observed in patients, as a consequence of the binding of SARS-CoV-19 to Angiotensin-converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The early recognition ofspecific imaging features, including hepatobiliary involvement, pancreatic… Show more

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Cited by 4 publications

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The role of imaging in detecting and monitoring COVID-19 complications in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) setting

Brandi,

Renzulli

2024

APS

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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Most people infected with the virus experience mild to moderate respiratory illness. However, some might become seriously ill and may develop acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), thus requiring non-invasive or invasive mechanical ventilation. Furthermore, COVID-19 disease can involve also other organs and systems, causing several extra-pulmonary manifestations and, thus, negatively influencing the patient’s outcome. Imaging studies play a pivotal role in the monitoring of severely ill patients, especially those admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU), who can develop several potentially life-threatening complications, both from the infection itself and the mechanical supporting system. This widespread utility of imaging modalities calls for a deeper understanding of potential radiologic findings in this disease and the need for multidisciplinary collaboration between radiologists and anesthesiologists to provide actionable guidance to appropriate interventions under such conditions.

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The role of imaging in detecting and monitoring COVID-19 complications in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) setting

Brandi,

Renzulli

2024

APS

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Unresolved issues in the use of imaging techniques in COVID-19-associated lesions of the stomach intestine

Yurkovskiy,

Boika

2024

jour

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Objective. To systematize and analyze data on the use of imaging techniques in COVID-19-associated gastric and intestinal lesions. Materials and methods. An analysis of publications in PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science systems was carried out in the period 2020-2023, describing the use of imaging techniques in patients with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19-associated gastrointestinal lesions. Results. The most frequent signs of COVID-19-associated gastric and intestinal lesions on abdominal imaging were identified, their incidence and approximate diagnostic significance were evaluated. Conclusion. The use of computed tomography and ultrasonography for the diagnosis of COVID-19-associated gastrointestinal lesions is hampered by the lack of clear ideas regarding the sensitivity, specificity, and prognostic value of the previously described radiologic signs of gastrointestinal lesions. In addition, there is no clear algorithm for the use of imaging methods in COVID-19-associated abdominal pain syndrome. The solution of these issues will optimize the use of imaging methods and reduce the time of diagnostic search.

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Causes of digestive symptoms in patients with COVID-19

Nikitina,

Zamahina

2023

Scientific Bulletin of the Omsk State Medical University

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This literature review discusses the problem of the causes of digestive symptoms in COVID-19 patients, examining papers in which SARS-CoV-2 gastrointestinal infection was the underlying cause of symptoms and papers in which the occurrence of such symptoms was associated with exacerbation of pre-existing, including previously undiagnosed GI diseases. Objective: to identify the most likely underlying cause of digestive symptoms in COVID-19 patients. Materials and Methods. We searched 59 literature sources from eLibrary, PubMed, Scopus, and Google scholar databases. All papers were published in the last 4 years. Results. The resulting digestive symptoms in coronavirus lesions are caused by direct disruption of the intestinal barrier; also, these symptoms may be a manifestation of exacerbation or debut of chronic digestive diseases on the background of COVID-19, and exacerbate the course of infection; or a result of COVID-19 therapy. A differential diagnosis of COVID-19 with inflammatory bowel diseases, chronic liver diseases, chronic and acute biliary pancreatitis is required in patients with diarrhea, abdominal pain, elevated blood liver and pancreatic enzymes. The correlation of gastroenterological symptoms with the direct COVID-19 lesion can be established by comparing the clinical picture with the detection of RNA virus in stool, histologic specimens, but sometimes there may be no unambiguous answer. Specific changes on computed tomography with angiography of the abdominal cavity organs (peri-intestinal fatty tissue strands against the background of intestinal wall thickening) are described only in the initial stage of COVID-19, at later stages the changes are nonspecific. Data from endoscopic studies in patients with COVID-19 are limited to single clinical cases or case series describing nonspecific findings and suggesting that the virus directly damages GI mucosal surfaces. This calls into question the results of the studies that have been conducted, most of which were retrospective and did not evaluate the baseline presence of gastrointestinal symptoms prior to COVID-19. Due to the peculiarities of the virus interaction with body cells and the diversity of clinical manifestations of the disease, a combined approach in the diagnosis of GI diseases in COVID-19 is necessary.

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Gastrointestinal Imaging Findings in the Era of COVID-19: A Pictorial Review

Cited by 4 publications

References 55 publications

The role of imaging in detecting and monitoring COVID-19 complications in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) setting

The role of imaging in detecting and monitoring COVID-19 complications in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) setting

Unresolved issues in the use of imaging techniques in COVID-19-associated lesions of the stomach intestine

Causes of digestive symptoms in patients with COVID-19

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