Gastrointestinal Hormones: Gastrin, Cholecystokinin, Somatostatin, and Ghrelin

Dockray, Graham J.

doi:10.1016/b978-012088394-3/50007-6

Cited by 25 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 366 publications

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“…The differences in CCK action upon the MR pattern between the duodenal bulb and duodenum may concern the different interaction between the cholinergic system and neuroendocrine and/or paracrine action of CCK within the intestinal wall ( Figure 10). It is possible that these actions of CCK peptides are mediated principally by the CCK-1 receptor subtype localized either in the smooth muscles or within the intramural neurons (Dockray, 2006). When the inhibitory effect of CCK on duodenal motility regarding MR incidence is observed, the question arises as to whether an alteration of duodenal propulsion accompanies these changes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It can be assumed that the inhibitory action of CCK on the peripyloric region can be mediated by exhibiting a higher density of CCK-1 (CCK-A) rather than CCK-2 (CCK-B/gastrin) receptor subtypes (Yonekura et al, 2002). However, the role of CCK-1 receptor subtype in evoking motor response to CCK seems to be even greater than the role of CCK-2 receptor subtype (Dockray, 2006). The latter seems to play the greater role in gastric secretion than in gastrointestinal motility and its role is rather in evoking central than peripheral effects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Contractile effects on the gallbladder and inhibition of gastric emptying are among its physiological influences . It is also believed that CCK plays a major role in gastrointestinal peristalsis (Dockray, 1994;. Several extensive studies have been performed in order to explain its precise role in the gastrointestinal motility (Yonekura et al, 2002;Adelson et al, 2004;Varga et al, 2004) as the whole problem is not easy to assess.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cholecystokinin-dependent selective inhibitory effect on ‘minute rhythm’ in the ovine small intestine

Romanski

2009

Animal

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Cholecystokinin (CCK) can exert multiple actions on intestinal motility but its effect on the small-intestinal 'minute rhythm' (MR) is virtually unknown. Therefore, the electrical activity from the abomasal antrum, duodenal bulb, duodenum, jejunum and ileum was continuously recorded in six sheep before, during and after slow intravenous administration, of three doses each, of cholecystokinin-octapeptide (CCK-OP) and cerulein. In four of these sheep, two additional electrodes and the strain gauge force transducer were also inserted in the duodenum. Chronic experiments were performed in the fasted and non-fasted animals and saline or CCK peptides were injected during phases 1, 2a or 2b of the duodenal migrating myoelectric complex (MMC). The administration of both CCK peptides in various doses evoked an inhibitory effect mostly in the duodenal bulb, except for the lowest dose of cerulein. The effects of 20 times greater doses of CCK-OP than that of cerulein were more pronounced. The introduction of both CCK peptides during phase 1 of the MMC produced no marked or significant response. In non-fasted animals, the effects of both hormonal peptides, given during phase 2b of the MMC, were often stronger than those given during phase 2a, while in fasted animals the effects of CCK peptides, administered in the course of phases 2a and 2b of the MMC, were similar. Both higher doses of CCK peptides increased the number of spike bursts within the given MR pattern in the duodenum and decreased the incidence of MR mostly in the duodenal bulb. The inhibitory effects of both CCK peptides on the bulbar MR exhibited a dose-response character, though the lowest dose often evoked the slight stimulatory response. It is concluded that CCK principally exerts an inhibitory effect upon the MR in the duodenal bulb and modifies the MR in the duodenum by increasing the spike burst number in a given MR pattern. Both these actions of CCK peptides seem to be physiological. There is a positive relationship between the intensity of the refractory period and the demonstrated effect of CCK in the duodenum.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cholecystokinin-dependent selective inhibitory effect on ‘minute rhythm’ in the ovine small intestine

Romanski

2009

Animal

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“…Postprandial release of CCK is key in activation of intestinal feedback control of gastrointestinal function, comprising short-term inhibition of gastric emptying and acid secretion, stimulation of the exocrine pancreas and gallbladder, and inhibition of food intake [2]. Consequently, the stimulation on CCK secretion from the intestine is of potential relevance for body weight management.…”

Section: Introduction 4)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Naringenin stimulates cholecystokinin secretion in STC-1 cells

et al. 2014

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BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Cholecystokinin (CCK), a hormone or neuropeptide, is secreted in response to intraluminal nutrients by enteroendocrine I-cells of the intestine and has important physiological actions related to appetite regulation and satiety. The stimulation on CCK secretion from the intestine is of potential relevance for body weight management. Naringenin (4',5,7-trihydroxyflavanone) and its glycoside naringin (naringenin 7-rhamnoglucoside) have been reported to have many biological functions. In the current study, we investigated the question of whether naringenin and naringin could stimulate CCK secretion and then examined the mechanisms involved in CCK release. MATERIALS/METHODS: STC-1 cells were used as a model of enteroendocrine cells. CCK release and changes in intracellular Ca 2+ ([Ca 2+ ]i) were measured after incubation of cells with naringenin and naringin for 1 h. RESULTS: Naringenin caused significant (P < 0.05) stimulation of CCK secretion, but naringin did not. In addition, regarding the secretory mechanisms, naringenin-induced CCK secretion involved increases in [Ca 2+ ]i, influx of extracellular Ca 2+ , at least in part, and activation of TRP channels, including TRPA1. CONCLUSION: Findings of this study suggest that naringenin could have a role in appetite regulation and satiety.

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“…Cholecystokinin (CCK) is one of the main gastrointestinal hormones involved in this control. Its role is broad and it participates in the control of various physiological functions (Dockray, 2006). In man and monogastric animals, CCK affects motor activity in the whole gastrointestinal tract in vivo and in vitro (Botella et al, 1992;Kusano et al, 2005).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dose-related effects of cholecystokinin octapeptide administered during various phases of the migrating motor complex on small-intestinal motility in sheep

Romanski

2009

Acta Veterinaria Hungarica

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Cholecystokinin (CCK) may affect intestinal motility, but in ruminants its precise effects have not been entirely explored. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of CCK-octapeptide (CCK-OP) on small-intestinal myoelectric activity in rams in the course of chronic experiments. Five rams underwent implantation of bipolar platinum electrodes to the duodenal bulb, distal duodenum, and jejunum as well as a strain gauge force transducer attached near the duodenal electrode. During continuous myoelectric recordings, 0.15 M NaCl or CCK-OP were injected slowly into the jugular vein. Injections of CCK-OP at doses of 20 (over 30 s), 200 (over 30 or 60 s) and 2000 (over 30, 60 or 120 s) ng/kg of body weight were each administered 5 or 30-40 min after the onset of the duodenal phase 1 or phase 2 of the migrating myoelectric complex (MMC), respectively. Most of these CCK doses were considered physiological. Injections of the smallest dose of CCK-OP exerted a slight and mostly insignificant inhibitory effect on the duodenal bulb and the duodenal myoelectric activity index (MAI) values. In the duodenal bulb, the effects of CCK-OP on myoelectric activity were dose dependent and closely related to the phase of the MMC. In the duodenum, the high dose of the hormone evoked short stimulatory and longer inhibitory biphasic effects on the MAI. These effects were inversely related to the duration of the hormone injection. It is concluded that CCK evokes a physiological stimulatory and inhibitory (biphasic) effect on the duodenal bulb and duodenal motility in sheep, with the inhibitory effect of the hormone being more pronounced in the duodenal bulb than in the duodenum. These effects were related to the CCK dose and the MMC phase. Therefore, CCK is an important regulator of upper small bowel motility in sheep.

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Gastrointestinal Hormones: Gastrin, Cholecystokinin, Somatostatin, and Ghrelin

Cited by 25 publications

References 366 publications

Cholecystokinin-dependent selective inhibitory effect on ‘minute rhythm’ in the ovine small intestine

Cholecystokinin-dependent selective inhibitory effect on ‘minute rhythm’ in the ovine small intestine

Naringenin stimulates cholecystokinin secretion in STC-1 cells

Dose-related effects of cholecystokinin octapeptide administered during various phases of the migrating motor complex on small-intestinal motility in sheep

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