Gastrointestinal hormones and regulation of gastric emptying

Camilleri, Michael

doi:10.1097/med.0000000000000448

Cited by 77 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…11 The role of GLP-1 in GE has been intensively studied. 12 Research on GIP and its effect in GE is limited. Native GIP mimicking postprandial GIP blood levels and GIPRAs did not reveal any relevant effects on GE.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The novel dual glucose‐dependent insulinotropic polypeptide and glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) receptor agonist tirzepatide transiently delays gastric emptying similarly to selective long‐acting GLP‐1 receptor agonists

Urva

Coşkun

Loghin

et al. 2020

Diabetes Obesity Metabolism

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The effect of dual glucose‐dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) receptor agonist (RA) tirzepatide on gastric emptying (GE) was compared to that of GLP‐1RAs in non‐clinical and clinical studies. GE was assessed following acute and chronic treatment with tirzepatide in diet‐induced obese mice versus semaglutide or long‐acting GIP analogue alone. Participants [with and without type 2 diabetes (T2DM)] from a phase 1, 4‐week multiple dose study received tirzepatide, dulaglutide or placebo. GE was assessed by acetaminophen absorption. In mice, tirzepatide delayed GE to a similar degree to that achieved with semaglutide; however, these acute inhibitory effects were abolished after 2 weeks of treatment. GIP analogue alone had no effect on GE or on GLP‐1's effect on GE. In participants with and without T2DM, once‐weekly tirzepatide (≥5 and ≥4.5 mg, respectively) delayed GE after a single dose. This effect diminished after multiple doses of tirzepatide or dulaglutide in healthy participants. In participants with T2DM treated with an escalation schedule of tirzepatide 5/5/10/10 or 5/5/10/15 mg, a residual GE delay was still observed after multiple doses. These data suggest that tirzepatide's activity on GE is comparable to that of selective GLP‐1RAs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gastric emptying is one of the critical factors affecting postprandial glycaemia and food intake, which is a complex interplay involving gastric, intestinal and central neuronal and humoral mechanisms 11 . The role of GLP‐1 in GE has been intensively studied 12 . Research on GIP and its effect in GE is limited.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The novel dual glucose‐dependent insulinotropic polypeptide and glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) receptor agonist tirzepatide transiently delays gastric emptying similarly to selective long‐acting GLP‐1 receptor agonists

Urva

Coşkun

Loghin

et al. 2020

Diabetes Obesity Metabolism

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“…Autocrine and paracrine mechanisms in the duodenum are also involved in the mucosal defence to acid and the luminal digestion of nutrients with secretion of bile and pancreatic juice 39. Activation of duodeno-gastric feedback mechanisms by chemical or mechanical triggers influences gastric emptying, with an important role of intestinal or pancreatic hormones including incretins and gastric orexigenic hormones, which also signal to the brain 40. Besides nutrient sensing, transmucosal passage of luminal content is likely in the proximal small intestine due to regional variation in the mucosal barrier along the GI tract and the crypt-villus axis, ranging from >20 angstrom at the crypt base to 5 angstrom at the villus tip in the proximal small intestine, which is also the most permeable region with the largest intercellular pores of the GI tract 41.…”

Section: Translational Science Conceptsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel concepts in the pathophysiology and treatment of functional dyspepsia

Wauters

Talley

Walker

et al. 2019

Gut

170

171

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Emerging data increasingly point towards the duodenum as a key region underlying the pathophysiology of functional dyspepsia (FD), one of the most prevalent functional GI disorders. The duodenum plays a major role in the control and coordination of gastroduodenal function. Impaired duodenal mucosal integrity and low-grade inflammation have been associated with altered neuronal signalling and systemic immune activation, and these alterations may ultimately lead to dyspeptic symptoms. Likely luminal candidates inducing the duodenal barrier defect include acid, bile, the microbiota and food antigens although no causal association with symptoms has been convincingly demonstrated. Recognition of duodenal pathology in FD will hopefully lead to the discovery of new biomarkers and therapeutic targets, allowing biologically targeted rather than symptom-based therapy. In this review, we summarise the recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of FD with a focus on the duodenum.

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“…Decreased gut size, minimized calorie intake and hormonal alterations are important mechanisms responsible for health improvement after bariatric surgery. 3 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Gastric Sleeve Surgery on Plasma Retinol Binding Protein 4 and Adipsin Levels in Healthy Male Population

et al. 2020

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Objectives: Bariatric surgery provides most substantial and sustainable weight loss measures in individuals with obesity. Caloric restriction is not only intervention, changes in hormonal secretions are also leading contributory mechanisms to reduce body weight and improve the glycaemic control. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of gastric sleeve surgery on plasma retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) and adipsin levels among Saudi male obese population. Methods: This prospective study was conducted in the Departments of Physiology and Surgery, College of Medicine, King Saud University. Thirty-three obese (BMI>38.3) male patients age ranged from 25 to 50 years were recruited. RBP4 and adipsin levels were analyzed before and 6-12 months after gastric sleeve surgery by ELISA along with plasma glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR and lipid profile. Results: Circulating RBP4 levels were not significantly changed by bariatric surgery (4382.85±40.35 ng before, and 4393.28±33.13 ng after surgery, p=0.842), neither did adipsin (2949.68±46.86 pg before, and 2917.90±41.90 pg after surgery, p=0.535). Segregation of study participants into two age groups, 25-35 and 35-50 years of age, revealed that before surgery older age group (35-50) had higher RBP4 levels compared to younger group (25-35) (p=0.016). However, after surgery RBP4 levels were decreased in older group but not to a significant level (p=0.174). In younger age group after surgery, there was a near significant increase in RBP4 levels (p=0.052). There were no significant changes in RBP4 levels in both age groups after surgery (p=0.461). For adipsin, there were no significant differences before and after surgery in both age groups. Insulin, BMI and HOMA-IR index were decreased after surgery, however there was no correlation with RBP4 and adipsin levels. Conclusions: The present study findings do not suggest a role for RBP4 and adipsin in the improvement of insulin sensitivity in Saudi male obese population after gastric sleeve surgery. However, a decrease in RBP4 levels in older individuals after surgery needs further investigations to understand its effect on weight and glycemic control. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.7.2329 How to cite this:Alshubrami S, Al-Regaiey K, Alfadda AA, Iqbal M. Impact of Gastric Sleeve Surgery on Plasma Retinol Binding Protein 4 and Adipsin Levels in Healthy Male Population. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(7):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.7.2329 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Gastrointestinal hormones and regulation of gastric emptying

Cited by 77 publications

References 85 publications

The novel dual glucose‐dependent insulinotropic polypeptide and glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) receptor agonist tirzepatide transiently delays gastric emptying similarly to selective long‐acting GLP‐1 receptor agonists

The novel dual glucose‐dependent insulinotropic polypeptide and glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) receptor agonist tirzepatide transiently delays gastric emptying similarly to selective long‐acting GLP‐1 receptor agonists

Novel concepts in the pathophysiology and treatment of functional dyspepsia

Impact of Gastric Sleeve Surgery on Plasma Retinol Binding Protein 4 and Adipsin Levels in Healthy Male Population

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