Gastrointestinal Epithelial Cell Proliferation

Goodlad, R A

doi:10.1159/000171217

Cited by 16 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…However, both tri tiated thymidine and BrdUrd flash labelling . 2) in fact suggests that the scores are very close to the published figures for the growth fractions in these var ious regions [6], As shown by the distribu tion curves of human tissue, PC 10 nuclear staining was present in the proliferative compartments throughout the gastro-intesti nal tract, with weak and diffuse staining ob served above the proliferative zones of the crypts [7]. S-phase fractions with BrdUrd were not gathered from human tissues for two reasons: first, it is rarely ethical to inject patients with BrdUrd, and secondly the ar chival material was chosen to illustrate the efficacy of PC 10 on non-preprepared sam ples: it is a non-interventional method, noth ing needs to be administered to the subject in advance of an investigation in order to ob tain valid kinetic measurements.…”

Section: Brdurdsupporting

confidence: 68%

“…The mammalian gastro-intestinal tract has the fastest turnover of all body tis sues and is constantly renewed by cell divi sion; proliferative compartments are dis crete throughout its length, be they the mid portion of the gastric glands of the stomach or the bottom two thirds of the crypts of Lieberkiihn of the small and large intestine [7]: all have been extensively characterized with regard to cell proliferation [6,7], Markers such as 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdUrd), tritiated thymidine and KJ67 are commonly used to assess proliferation in human and animal tissues, but the proliferating cell nu clear antigen method has the advantages that it is non-interventional and that its immunoreactivity, in this case detected with the anti body PC 10, can be demonstrated on rou tinely processed and embedded tissues [8], Therefore we have the possibility of human studies otherwise reliant on the introduction of radioactive or toxic labelling substances, as well as retrospective studies on archival tissue samples that have had no specific pre vious treatments. In this investigation we have aimed to quantify and compare BrdUrd uptake after flash labelling, the Sphase index [9], with the extent of PCNA/ PC 10 immunoreactivity in the rat liver after two thirds partial hepatectomy and normal rat gastro-intestinal tract.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen Immunolocalization in Gastro-Intestinal Epithelia

et al. 1991

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Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), also called DNA polymerase δ-associated protein, is found in the cells of the proliferative compartment of normal tissues and is essential for DNA replication. It can be recognized by many monoclonal antibodies to various epitopes on the molecule. In this investigation one of these, PC 10, has been used on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded, human and rodent gastro-intestinal epithelial tissues to assess numerically the labelling index of PC 10 and to compare it, in the rat liver and gastrointestinal tract, with the S-phase fraction as determined by bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd) labelling. The distribution of PC 10-labelled cells was recorded with respect to cell position in the intestinal crypts of man. In tissues where both modes of assessment were used, PC 10 staining in the well-established proliferative compartments was found to be more extensive than that of BrdUrd. The higher labelling index with PC 10 can be explained by its identification of PCNA outside the S phase of the cell cycle and also by the long half-life of PCNA protein in post-proliferative intestinal epithelial cells as they migrate towards the villus. Nevertheless the data suggest PC 10 immunostaining in gastro-intestinal epithelia is an operational marker of cell proliferation which is reproducible, quantifiable and can be performed on routinely processed tissues.

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Section: Brdurdsupporting

confidence: 68%

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confidence: 99%

Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen Immunolocalization in Gastro-Intestinal Epithelia

et al. 1991

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“…The growth of the hypertrophic intestine is so extensive that it must be accompanied by major structural changes in the mucosa and serosa. The structure of the normal intestinal mucosa has been investigated previously in considerable detail (Goodlad, 1989 ;Goodlad & Wright, 1990), and the scanning electron microscope provided an invaluable tool in those studies (Carr & Toner, 1968 ;Marsh & Swift, 1969 ;Millington et al 1969). The luminal surface of the ileum is much expanded by the formation of villi and the addition of glands, and these characteristics are modified during development and in altered alimentary conditions, such as occur during lactation (Boyne et al 1966), after intestinal resection (Genyk, 1971 ;Riecken, 1988) or in diabetes (Mayhew & Carson, 1989).…”

Section: mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypertrophy of mucosa and serosa in the obstructed intestine of rats

Bertoni¹,

Gabella²

2001

Journal of Anatomy

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After a surgically induced partial obstruction of the small intestine (ileum) in adult rats there is an accumulation of ingesta and a progressive enlargement of the lumen accompanied by wall thickening : over a period of 2-3 wk the circumference of the hypertrophic intestine increases by a factor of 2n7 and the thickness of the musculature increases more than threefold, while the length of the ileum (measured at the mesenteric attachment) remains unchanged. The villi become markedly larger and more elongated in the circumferential direction, and have a greater separation between one another. The number of villi per unit surface is markedly reduced but the number of villi per unit length of ileum, whilst appearing to show a small increase, was not significantly altered. The component epithelial cells (absorptive cells) appear unchanged in morphology and size (height). The microvilli of the epithelial cells have the same appearance, size (height) and packing density in the control and the hypertrophic ileum. Glands of Lieberku$ hn, Peyer's patches and single lymphatic follicles constituting the Peyer's patches are significantly increased in size in the hypertrophic intestine. The serosal surface of the hypertrophic ileum, in spite of the great expansion, remains regularly covered by mesothelial cells ; these are much larger than in the controls and have an altered distribution of their microvilli.Key words : Intestinal villi ; microvilli ; Peyer's patches ; mesothelium ; hypertrophy ; intestinal obstruction. When the flow of ingesta along the small intestine is impaired, as in the presence of a localised partial obstruction of the lumen, the intestine on the oral side of the obstruction becomes distended and hypertrophic. Enlargement of the lumen and distension of the wall are mechanical effects of the accumulation of ingesta. In contrast, hypertrophy is an active process of growth of the intestinal wall, mainly the musculature, the effect of which is that the wall, in spite of being very distended, is not thinner than in controls but conspicuously thicker. The occurrence of ileal hypertrophy, its relevance to medical conditions (such as obstructions due to pathologic growths or malformations), its scientific significance as a process of growth and adaptation of mature tissues, have been known for a long time. Herczel (1886) was probably the first to describe the structure of hypertrophic intestine, and the process has been analysed in Correspondence to Dr

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“…Expression of proliferation associated antigens is uncommon in foveolar, surface, and gland cells, which are fed by migration of cells from the neck cell compartment. 5 The experiments described give new insight into this process.…”

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confidence: 94%

Accelerated gastric epithelial proliferation.

Gray

Darnton

Hunt

et al. 1995

Gut

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Gastric body mucosal proliferation was quantified and localised under conditions of increased gastrin drive using a variety of techniques. Rats were given omeprazole 400 ,imollkg/day by gavage and after 30 days mean serum gastrin rose 11-fold (p<0.001). Total mucosal polyamines rose 220% from 15.9 to 50.9 nmollmg protein (p<0001). This was associated with a 238% increase in crypt cell production rate from 0.541 to 1.83 crypt cells/h by vincristine metaphase arrest (p<0-02). Using computer aided counting of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) immunostained nuclei to assess epithelial proliferation in hypergastrinaemia rat stomach: mucus neck cell PCNA labelling was increased by 41% (p<0.001) and gland cell PCNA labelling was increased by 222% (p<0.001). PCNA/AgNOR (argyrophilic nuclear organiser regions) co-stained sections were used to assess proliferative activity in cycling and noncycling cell populations. Data from these experiments suggest that, in addition to increasing the number of mucosal cells in cycle, cell life and cell cycle duration may be reduced in hypergastrinaemia.

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Gastrointestinal Epithelial Cell Proliferation

Cited by 16 publications

References 15 publications

Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen Immunolocalization in Gastro-Intestinal Epithelia

Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen Immunolocalization in Gastro-Intestinal Epithelia

Hypertrophy of mucosa and serosa in the obstructed intestine of rats

Accelerated gastric epithelial proliferation.

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