Gastrointestinal Dysbiosis

Blumstein, Daniel T.; Levy, Kerinne; Mayer, E.; Harte, John

doi:10.1093/emph/eou029

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…This is because although microbiota composition may change considerably even over short timescales, functional contributions of the community may remain stable ( 22 , 28 ). Other researchers, however, note that dysbiosis itself can be understood as a stable state (e.g., 32 and 47 ). Some elaborations of this view even go so far as to say that stable microbiomes in most healthy people today are probably dysbiotic, because these do not match an earlier “optimally” evolved state of the human microbiota (e.g., 48 ).…”

Section: Implications Of These Categoriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dysbiosis and Its Discontents

Hooks

O’Malley

2017

mBio

259

215

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Dysbiosis is a key term in human microbiome research, especially when microbiome patterns are associated with disease states. Although some questions have been raised about how this term is applied, its use continues undiminished in the literature. We investigate the ways in which microbiome researchers discuss dysbiosis and then assess the impact of different concepts of dysbiosis on microbiome research. After an overview of the term’s historical roots, we conduct quantitative and qualitative analyses of a large selection of contemporary dysbiosis statements. We categorize both short definitions and longer conceptual statements about dysbiosis. Further analysis allows us to identify the problematic implications of how dysbiosis is used, particularly with regard to causal hypotheses and normal-abnormal distinctions. We suggest that researchers should reflect carefully on the ways in which they discuss dysbiosis, in order for the field to continue to develop greater predictive scope and explanatory depth.

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Section: Implications Of These Categoriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dysbiosis and Its Discontents

Hooks

O’Malley

2017

mBio

259

215

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“…The maintenance of a diverse microbial ecosystem in the gut is essential for optimal host function (Moloney et al, 2014;Sekirov et al, 2010). On the other hand, reduced diversity and microbial dysbiosis have been implicated in various psychological, neurological, metabolic, functional gastrointestinal disorders, and autoimmune disease states (Blumstein, Levy, Mayer, & Harte, 2014). These include, but are not limited to, IBS (Jeffery et al, 2012;Tana et al, 2010), autism (Finegold et al, 2002), schizophrenia (Castro-Nallar et al, 2015), myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS; Fremont, Coomans, Massart, & Meirleir, 2013;Wallis, Butt, Ball, Lewis, & Bruck, 2016), multiple sclerosis (Jangi et al, 2016), dementia (Alkasir, Li, Li, Jin, & Zhu, 2017), stress (Knowles, Nelson, & Palombo, 2008), anxiety (Burch, 2016), depression (e.g., Jiang et al, 2015), obesity (Ley, Turnbaugh, Klein, & Gordon, 2006), diabetes (Larsen et al, 2010), coronary artery disease (Cui, Zhao, Hu, Zhang, & Hua, 2017;Emoto et al, 2017), and cancer (particularly colorectal cancer; Gagniere et al, 2016;Garrett, 2015).…”

Section: Precipitating and Perpetuatingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of the brain–gut–microbiota axis in psychology: The importance of considering gut microbiota in the development, perpetuation, and treatment of psychological disorders

Ganci

Suleyman

Butt³

et al. 2019

Brain and Behavior

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IntroductionThe prevalence of psychological disorders remains stable despite steady increases in pharmacological treatments suggesting the need for auxiliary treatment options. Consideration of the brain–gut–microbiota axis (BGMA) has made inroads into reconceptualizing psychological illness from a more holistic perspective. While our understanding of the precise role of gut microbiota (GM) in psychological illness is in its infancy, it represents an attractive target for novel interventions.MethodAn extensive review of relevant literature was undertaken.ResultsGut microbiota are proposed to directly and indirectly influence mood, cognition, and behavior which are key components of mental health. This paper outlines how GM may be implicated in psychological disorders from etiology through to treatment and prevention using the Four P model of case formulation.ConclusionMoving forward, integration of GM into the conceptualization and treatment of psychological illness will require the discipline of psychology to undergo a significant paradigm shift. While the importance of the GM in psychological well‐being must be respected, it is not proposed to be a panacea, but instead, an additional arm to a multidisciplinary approach to treatment and prevention.

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“…Dysbiosis refers to an alteration of the endogenous flora in our gut, predisposing an individual to microbial overgrowth and a loss of normal gut function. This microbial imbalance in the gut is mechanistically linked to a disruption of metabolic and immune response pathways throughout the body [106,107]. To best understand the significance of this effect, it is useful to view the gastrointestinal tract as a rainforest, containing an abundance of microbial species, each inhabiting a unique niche, with community ecology playing a crucial role for overall function.…”

Section: Proposed Mechanisms Of Antibiotic-induced Obesitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Broad-Spectrum Antibiotic Abuse and its Connection to Obesity

Czaja¹

2017

JNHFS

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The purpose of this review was to assess patterns of antibiotic prescriptions across the United States and evaluate their relationship with associated conditions. A focus on national antibiotic prescriptions and proposed side effects was studied from 1993-2008. State-to-state differences in antibiotic prescribing and associated patterns of obesity were studied from 2011-2014. Data for these study periods was extracted from the CDC and affiliated institutions. Correlation assessments between antibiotic prescription patterns and a set of variables related to the proposed mechanism of antibiotic effects were made. From 2011-2014, cephalosporin prescriptions demonstrated the strongest relationship with associated obesity rates, while beta-lactams (cephalosporins and penicillins) showed weaker relationships when taken as a holistic class. To make light of these results, drug use of Ceftriaxone, a broad-spectrum, third-generation cephalosporin and Amoxicillin, a narrow-spectrum penicillin, was compared from 1993 to 2008 in relation to the prevalence of various health conditions: obesity; diabetes mellitus; sleep disorders; endocrine, nutritional, metabolic diseases and immunity disorders; and infectious and parasitic diseases. Ceftriaxone demonstrated a strong, significant, and positive relationship with all of the above variables, except for parasitic and infectious diseases. By comparison, Amoxicillin showed weak and non-significant relationships with all of the above variables. Despite their correlational limitations, these results suggest that broad-spectrum antibiotics play a significant role in the development and persistence of many chronic conditions in the United States. A mechanism providing a hypothesized explanation for these results was proposed based on extensive literature review.

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Gastrointestinal Dysbiosis

Cited by 8 publications

References 5 publications

Dysbiosis and Its Discontents

Dysbiosis and Its Discontents

The role of the brain–gut–microbiota axis in psychology: The importance of considering gut microbiota in the development, perpetuation, and treatment of psychological disorders

Broad-Spectrum Antibiotic Abuse and its Connection to Obesity

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