Gastrointestinal Blood Loss in Older Infants

Fuchs, George J.; DeWier, M; Hutchinson, Sharon; Sundeen, Mary; Schwartz, Samuel; Suskind, Robert M.

doi:10.1097/00005176-199301000-00002

Cited by 17 publications

(22 citation statements)

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“…This might be due to the nutritional advantages of cow's milk over other complementary foods used in developing countries. However, cow's milk was believed to be undesirable for the older infants as it was found to be a cause of gastrointestinal blood loss in infants 27−29 . Guidelines used in many developed countries (the United States of America, the United Kingdom, Denmark, Canada and Sweden) 30−33 as well as WHO publications restricted the use of cow's milk as the main source of milk before 12 months of age 15,19 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feeding practice of infants and their correlates in urban areas of Beijing, China

Li²,

Ali

et al. 2003

Pediatrics International

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The feeding practices for most of the urban infants was found to be in accordance with the Chinese government and WHO recommendations; however, non-optimal feeding practices presenting as the early cessation of breast-feeding and the introduction of solid/semisolid foods existed. Information regarding optimal feeding practices should be disseminated to mothers and medical professionals in China, to ensure optimal infant health.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feeding practice of infants and their correlates in urban areas of Beijing, China

Li²,

Ali

et al. 2003

Pediatrics International

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“…Also at risk are infants who, despite current policy, are changed from an infant formula to whole cows' milk before the age of 1 year. It is not clear whether the higher prevalence of IDA in these infants is mainly the effect of an inadequate intake of dietary iron or due in addition to increased intestinal iron loss (Ziegler et al , 1990; Fuchs et al , 1993a, b).…”

Section: Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Iron Deficiency in Children: Detection and Prevention

Wharton¹

1999

Br J Haematol

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“…Length was measured to the nearest 0.1 cm using a Harpenden stadiometer and Seca measuring stick. SD scores for weight for age, length for age, and weight for length were determined using the National Center for Health Statistics reference standards.13 10 Prevention of anaemia by an iron supplemented cows'milk formula Table 2 Haematological indices and plasma ferritin in the pasteurised cows'milk andfolow-on formula groups Mean (SD) haemoglobin (gil) Mean (SD) MCV (11) Mean (SD) ferritin (pg/l) Sixteen infants failed to complete the study, nine on follow-on formula and seven on cows' milk: five because the family moved out of the area (two on follow-on formulas; three on cows' milk) and six because the mothers were unable to complete the dietary diaries to a satisfactory standard (four on follow-on formula; two on cows' milk). Two of the follow-on formula group were excluded because they failed to comply with the protocol: one child started cows' milk before 18 months and one child disliked the milk; one child in the follow-on formula group had thalassaemia trait and two in the cows' milk group were anaemic (haemoglobin < 90 g/l) and given oral iron by their general practitioner.…”

Section: Dietary Assessmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(Arch Dis Child 1996;75: [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] Keywords: iron deficiency anaemia, reference nutrient intake, follow-on formula, pasteurised cows' milk.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevention of anaemia in inner city toddlers by an iron supplemented cows' milk formula.

Daly

MacDonald

Aukett

et al. 1996

Archives of Disease in Childhood

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There are few data to support the use of follow-on formulas in infants from the age of 6 months. In a prospective trial in a deprived inner city area of Birmingham 100 infants who were already receiving pasteurised cows' milk by 6 months of age were enrolled and randomised either to receive a follow-on formula or to continue on cows' milk from 6 months until 18 months. At 18 months of age the follow-on formula group returned to cows' milk and both groups were followed up until 24 months. Iron status, growth, and nutritional status were analysed at intervals of six months. At enrolment, no differences in haematological status were evident. However, by 12 months of age, 31% of the cows' milk group were anaemic (haemoglobin concentration < 110 gIl) compared with only 3% of those receiving follow-on formulas. At 18 months, 33% of the cows' milk group were anaemic compared with only 2% of the follow-on formula group and by 24 months of age none of the follow-on formula group was anaemic, whereas 26% in the cows' milk group still had a haemoglobin of < 110 gIl. Mean corpuscular volume was significantly smaller and ferritin significantly lower in the cows' milk group at 12, 18, and 24 months. Dietary iron intake was higher in the follow-on formula group at 12 and 18 months but not at 24 months, when both groups were back on cows' milk. Infants and toddlers at high risk of iron deficiency are therefore unlikely to become anaemic if receiving a follow-on formula, although the relative merits of follow-on formula compared with an ordinary infant formula remain uncertain. (Arch Dis Child 1996;75:9-16)

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Gastrointestinal Blood Loss in Older Infants

Cited by 17 publications

References 0 publications

Feeding practice of infants and their correlates in urban areas of Beijing, China

Feeding practice of infants and their correlates in urban areas of Beijing, China

Iron Deficiency in Children: Detection and Prevention

Prevention of anaemia in inner city toddlers by an iron supplemented cows' milk formula.

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