Gastrointestinal Aspects of COVID-19: A Review

Siregar, Gontar Alamsyah; Siregar, Ginanda Putra; Darmadi, Darmadi

doi:10.3889/oamjms.2020.4891

“…Чрезмерная выработка цитокинов приводит к аномальной воспалительной реакции, которая называется цитокиновой бурей, и, как полагают, является виновником сердечно-сосудистых проявлений у пациентов с COVID-19 [1,3,[10][11][12]18]. Воспаление также увеличивает возникновение внутрисосудистой коагулопатии вместе с риском тромбоза в коронарных сосудах [3,[12][13][14][15].…”

Section: патогенез поражения сердечно-сосудистой системы при Covid-19unclassified

“…Влияние COVID-19 имеет мировые медицинские, психологические и социально-экономические аспекты. Это, пожалуй, самая глобальная угроза в 21 веке [9,[11][12][13]. Вирус относится к семейству Coronaviridae, который, как полагают, происходит от летучей мыши, прежде чем он может заразить человека [2][3][14][15][16].…”

unclassified

“…Было продемонстрировано, что вирус остается стабильным в течение 3 часов в аэрозольной форме, до 24 часов на картоне и до 72 часов на пластике или нержавеющей стали. По сравнению со вспышкой острого респираторного синдрома в 2003 году, вызванным SARS-CoV, COVID-19 имеет значительно большую контагиозность [11].…”

unclassified

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Damage to the cardiovascular system in COVID-19

Korzh¹

2021

Shidnoevr. z. vnutr. simejnoi med.

0

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COVID-19 affects not only the respiratory system, but also the cardiovascular system. The damage to the cardiovascular system in COVID-19 is multifactorial and several mechanisms are involved, including direct invasion, inflammation, thrombosis, autoantibody synthesis, and oxygen imbalance. The inflammation causes the release of cytokines, especially interleukin-6, and damage to cardiomyocytes. The overproduction of cytokines leads to an abnormal inflammatory response called a cytokine storm, which is believed to be the culprit in cardiovascular events in COVID-19 patients. Treatment of COVID-19 patients with cardiovascular complications is mostly supportive. The role of pharmacological blocking of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in patients with cardiovascular disease and COVID-19 infection requires further research as the relationship appears to be very complex. To date, professional cardiological societies do not recommend canceling ACE inhibitors or agiotensin II receptor antagonists for patients taking these drugs for other indications. Special care should be taken about the potential cardiovascular side effects of the various therapies used to treat viral infections. When using them, daily monitoring of the QT interval on the ECG is proposed.

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“…Вплив COVID-19 має світові медичні, психологічні та соціально-економічні аспекти. Це, мабуть, найбільша глобальна загроза у ХХІ столітті [9,[11][12][13]. Вірус належить до сімейства Coronaviridae, який, як вважають, походить від кажана, перш ніж він може заразити людину [2][3][14][15][16].…”

Section: Covid-19 и сердечно-сосудистые заболевания: вопросы диагностики и лечения ан коржunclassified

COVID-19 and Cardiovascular Disease: Issues of Diagnosis and Treatment

Korzh

¹

2021

FMEP

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COVID-19 affects not only the respiratory system, but also the cardiovascular system. The damage to the cardiovascular system in COVID-19 is multifactorial and several mechanisms are involved, including direct invasion, inflammation, thrombosis, autoantibody synthesis, and oxygen imbalance. The inflammation causes the release of cytokines, especially interleukin-6, and damage to cardiomyocytes. The overproduction of cytokines leads to an abnormal inflammatory response called a cytokine storm, which is believed to be the culprit in cardiovascular events in COVID-19 patients. Cardiovascular disease is common in patients with COVID-19, and these patients are at increased risk of morbidity and mortality. There is still no data on cardiac dysfunction due to myocardial damage in patients recovering from COVID-19. Most often, this is normal heart function after complete recovery. But often there are myocardial damage and an increased level of troponin as a marker of the severity of the disease associated with a cytokine storm, hypoxia, vasopressors and blood clotting disorders. It is important for every physician to make a differential diagnosis between decompensated heart failure complicated by pulmonary infection and COVID-19 infection. Monitoring and influencing myocardial injury is extremely important in critically ill patients. Treatment of COVID-19 patients with cardiovascular complications is mostly supportive. The role of pharmacological blocking of the reninangiotensin-aldosterone system in patients with cardiovascular disease and COVID-19 infection requires further research as the relationship appears to be very complex. To date, professional cardiological societies do not recommend canceling ACE inhibitors or agiotensin II receptor antagonists for patients taking these drugs for other indications. Special care should be taken about the potential cardiovascular side effects of the various therapies used to treat viral infections. When using them, daily monitoring of the QT interval on the ECG is proposed.

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“…The etiology of the disease is a novel positive-sense single-stranded ribonucleic acid (RNA) beta-coronavirus, namely, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). The virus belongs to Coronaviridae family [6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11]. It is originally descended from bat and infecting human through intermediate reservoirs such as civet [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heart Failure and Coronavirus Disease-19

Hasan

¹

2021

Open Access Maced J Med Sci

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Globally, 4.2% population suffer from heart failure. The condition has a mortality rate between 56% and 78%. Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) was first reported in December 2019 and became a pandemic since March 11, 2020. As COVID-19 emerges, cardiovascular disorders including, heart failure, become one of the most common comorbidity that increase the risk for contracting the disease. Heart failure and COVID-19 have reciprocal relationship. Patients with heart failure are at higher risk for COVID-19 with more unfavorable outcome. COVID-19 itself may deteriorate pre-existing heart failure in the subject. This situation is mediated by the presence of angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2) in cardiac myocytes and pericytes, direct effect of viral invasion to myocytes and pericytes, downregulation of ACE-2 which hampers cardiovascular function, and uncontrolled inflammation known as cytokine storm. Prudent management, including implementation of telemedicine, continuation of ACE inhibitor and angiotensin receptor blocker, and medications’ side effects monitoring, is important in managing patients with coexisting heart failure and COVID-19.

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Gastrointestinal Aspects of COVID-19: A Review

Cited by 9 publications

References 14 publications

Damage to the cardiovascular system in COVID-19

Damage to the cardiovascular system in COVID-19

COVID-19 and Cardiovascular Disease: Issues of Diagnosis and Treatment

Heart Failure and Coronavirus Disease-19

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