Gastrointestinal anatomy and physiology

Proszkowiec‐Weglarz, Monika

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-819770-7.00010-4

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 270 publications

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“…This study focused on the effects of E. acervulina infection on the luminal and mucosal microbiota of the duodenum and jejunum, the primary sites of infection for E. acervulina . Luminal and mucosal microbiota have been shown to differ based on alpha and/or beta diversity in four regions of the GIT: the cecum, ileum, jejunum, and duodenum ( Proszkowiec-Weglarz, 2022 ). Microbiota profiles of luminal and mucosal microbiota differed in both the duodenum and jejunum in our study, though the dominant taxa in the duodenum and jejunum did not greatly differ.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Eimeria acervulina infection on the luminal and mucosal microbiota of the duodenum and jejunum in broiler chickens

et al. 2023

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The intestinal disease coccidiosis, caused by Eimeria parasites, impacts nutrient absorption in broiler chickens, leading to weight gain depression and major losses in the poultry industry. To develop alternatives to antibiotics for treating infected chickens, the gut microbiota has been researched because of its association with health factors such as nutrient exchange, immune system modulation, digestive system physiology, and pathogen exclusion. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of Eimeria acervulina infection on the luminal and mucosal microbiota of both the duodenum (DuoL and DuoM) and jejunum (JejL and JejM) at multiple time points (days 3, 5, 7, 10, and 14) post-infection. 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing was utilized to characterize the microbiota and analyze differences in alpha and beta diversity between infected (IF) and control (C) birds at each time point. Alpha diversity differed between IF and C birds in DuoM and JejM microbiota. Combined with beta diversity results, DuoM microbiota appeared to be affected by infection in the longer-term, while JejM microbiota were affected in the shorter-term. Relative abundances of bacterial taxa known for short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production, such as Lachnospiraceae, Subdoligranulum, and Peptostreptococcaceae, tended to be lower in IF birds for all four microbiota. Moreover, predicted functional abundances showed MetaCyc pathways related to SCFA production, especially butyrate, may be influenced by these differences in bacterial relative abundance. Our findings expand understanding of how Eimeria infection affects luminal and mucosal microbiota in the duodenum and jejunum, and further research on metagenomic function may provide insights on the degree of influence duodenal and jejunal bacteria have on chicken health.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Eimeria acervulina infection on the luminal and mucosal microbiota of the duodenum and jejunum in broiler chickens

et al. 2023

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“…The gut is divided into two parts, the small intestine that is also segmented into the duodenum, jejunum and ileum and the large intestine that is formed mainly by the colon and the rectum. 6 The structure of the small intestine is characterized by the presence of villi and crypts that increase the surface of absorption. Its internal structure is complex, and substances can be absorbed by active or passive transport 18 ( Figure 1a ).…”

Section: Gut-liver Axismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The colon lacks villi and displays a flatter surface. Epithelial cells are continuously renewed from invaginations known as the crypts of Lieberkühn, where multipotent stem cells give rise to the different cell types of intestinal epithelium: columnar absorptive cells or enterocytes, mucous secreting goblet cells, enteroendocrine cells and Paneth cells 6 , 19 , 20 ( Figure 1b ).…”

Section: Gut-liver Axismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Breaking the barriers: the role of gut homeostasis in Metabolic-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD)

Benedé-Ubieto,

Cubero,

Nevzorova

2024

Gut Microbes

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Obesity, insulin resistance (IR), and the gut microbiome intricately interplay in Metabolic-associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD), previously known as Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD), a growing health concern. The complex progression of MASLD extends beyond the liver, driven by “gut-liver axis,” where diet, genetics, and gut-liver interactions influence disease development. The pathophysiology of MASLD involves excessive liver fat accumulation, hepatocyte dysfunction, inflammation, and fibrosis, with subsequent risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The gut, a tripartite barrier, with mechanical, immune, and microbial components, engages in a constant communication with the liver. Recent evidence links dysbiosis and disrupted barriers to systemic inflammation and disease progression. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) mediate immunological crosstalk between the gut and liver, recognizing microbial structures and triggering immune responses. The “multiple hit model” of MASLD development involves factors like fat accumulation, insulin resistance, gut dysbiosis, and genetics/environmental elements disrupting the gut-liver axis, leading to impaired intestinal barrier function and increased gut permeability. Clinical management strategies encompass dietary interventions, physical exercise, pharmacotherapy targeting bile acid (BA) metabolism, and microbiome modulation approaches through prebiotics, probiotics, symbiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). This review underscores the complex interactions between diet, metabolism, microbiome, and their impact on MASLD pathophysiology and therapeutic prospects.

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“…However, the abdominal fat, an adipokine-secreting site, is undeveloped in chicks during this period, because the tissue weight is extremely low and adipocyte size is small[ 89 , 90 , 91 ]. Similarly, the gastrointestinal tract, the peripheral site that secretes gut hormones, develops in chicks during the first week after hatching[ 92 ]. Therefore, it remains unclear whether the adipokines and gut hormones that regulate food intake are produced and secreted in neonatal chicks, even though central injection of these molecules affects food intake.…”

Section: Conclusion and Future Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Research on Mechanisms of Feeding Regulation in Chicks

Saneyasu

2024

J. Poult. Sci.

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Food intake affects poultry productivity. A complete understanding of these regulatory mechanisms provides new strategies to improve productivity. Food intake is regulated by complex mechanisms involving many factors, including the central nervous system, gastrointestinal tract, hormones, and nutrients. Although several studies have been conducted to elucidate regulatory mechanisms in chickens, the mechanisms remain unclear. To update the current knowledge on feeding regulation in chickens, this review focuses on recent findings that have not been summarized in previous reviews, including spexins, adipokines, neurosecretory proteins GL and GM, and central intracellular signaling factors.

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Gastrointestinal anatomy and physiology

Cited by 11 publications

References 270 publications

Effects of Eimeria acervulina infection on the luminal and mucosal microbiota of the duodenum and jejunum in broiler chickens

Effects of Eimeria acervulina infection on the luminal and mucosal microbiota of the duodenum and jejunum in broiler chickens

Breaking the barriers: the role of gut homeostasis in Metabolic-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD)

Recent Research on Mechanisms of Feeding Regulation in Chicks

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