Gastrointestinal Absorption and Urinary Excretion of trans-Cinnamic and p-Coumaric Acids in Rats

Abstract

trans-Cinnamic acid (CIN) and p-coumaric acid (COU) are ingested by humans in their diet. While the metabolism and health benefits of CIN have been widely documented, little is known about its absorption sites, and there have been few studies dedicated to COU. The gastrointestinal sac technique demonstrated that CIN and COU are absorbed by all digestive organs in rats and partially transported via MCT-mediated carrier. Absorption was lowest in the stomach. Regardless of the organs that were studied, CIN was more efficiently absorbed than COU. After their individual oral administration to rats, CIN and COU were excreted in 0-24 h urine (0.3% and 23% of ingested CIN and COU, respectively). This suggests that COU was less metabolized than CIN. CIN and COU are absorbed across the digestive epithelium and subsequently interact with target tissues. Despite its lower gastrointestinal absorption, COU may have greater health benefits because it seems to be less metabolized than CIN.

RecombinantSaccharomyces cerevisiaeStrain Expressing a Model Cytochrome P450 in the Rat Digestive Environment: Viability and Bioconversion Activity

“…In sacrificed rats, CIN was rapidly absorbed by the digestive tract and, as previously reported (19), the gastrointestinal sac technique shows that all the digestive organs absorb CIN. It is known that CIN is partially transported across either the various digestive organs (19) or Caco-2 cell monolayers (25) by a carrier-mediated transport process. The present study demonstrates a faster and more extensive absorption of CIN in sacrificed rats than that found in gastrointestinal sacs.…”

“…5). It is known that COU is absorbed according to passive and active transport across either Caco-2 cell monolayers (25,26) or the intestinal digestive epithelium of rats (19,27). The CA4H activity observed ex vivo was some seven times higher than that detected in sacrificed rats.…”

“…After a 24-h fasting period, animals (n ϭ 10) were anesthetized with an intraperitoneal injection of ketamine (Imalgene 1000; Merial, Lyon, France) at 0.15 g/kg body weight and with a subcutaneous injection of lidocaine (Xylocaine; AstraZeneca Laboratory, Rueil-Malmaison, France) at 0.04 g/kg body weight. Different parts of the digestive tract were quickly removed as previously described (19). Briefly, the stomach, duodenum, mid-jejunum (10 cm), ileum, cecum, and colon (10 cm beyond the cecum) were removed.…”

Bioavailability of hydroxycinnamates: a brief review of in vivo and in vitro studies

“…PA, FA and CA quickly disappeared from the jejunum, and to a lesser extent from the ileum, when they were perfused in an isolated rat intestine model (Spencer et al 1999). Another in vitro study using gastrointestinal sac techniques showed that PA can be absorbed in all sections of the gastrointestinal tract, with the highest absorption rate in the jejunum (Garrait et al 2006). The type of HC is another factor to determine their absorption rate (Table 1).…”

“…During its metabolism, HC may undergo a number of enzymatic reactions including dehydroxylation, demethylation, dehydrogenation, hydrogenation, O-methylation, sulphation, glucuronization, GSH conjugation, and/or glycination (Table 2; Scheline 1968; Scheline and Midtvedt 1970;Gumbinger et al 1993;Spencer et al 1999;Chesson et al 1999;Gonthier et al 2003Gonthier et al , 2006Olthof et al 2001Olthof et al , 2003dos Santos et al 2005;Zhao et al 2003a, b;Manach et al 2004;Poquet et al 2008b;Garrait et al 2006;Lafay et al 2006a, b;Zhao and Moghadasian 2008).…”