Gastro‐enteritis in Australia Caused by a Marine Vibrio

Battey, Yvonne M.; Wallace, RichardJ.; Allan, Beverley C.; Keeffe, B. M.

doi:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1970.tb77967.x

Cited by 28 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Vibrioparahaemolyticus, a causative agent of food poisoning in Japan, has in recent years been implicated in seafood-borne disease in the United States (1, 9-11, 17, 20, 23) and in other countries (3,4). The mode of pathogenesis of this microorganism remains incompletely understood, despite active investigation by a number of workers.…”

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Analysis of Vibrio parahaemolyticus soluble antigens by employing passive hemagglutination

Sochard¹,

Colwell²

1979

J Clin Microbiol

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The passive hemagglutination assay was explored as a sensitive test of immunological reactivity of endotoxin and other antigens prepared from selected strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus. The tannic acid procedure for passive hemagglutination, commonly used with protein antigens, was the only procedure yielding good results with V. parahaemolyticus protein extracts, endotoxins, and related preparations. These results were probably due to the presence of large amounts of protein in the V. parahaemolyticus endotoxins as determined by earlier work referenced in the text. Glucose and galactose as possible antigenic determinants in the endotoxin of a Vibrio strain were tested by inhibition tests. Cross-reactions were observed between endotoxin preparations, but were low in hemagglutination, suggesting reactions of common generic antigens. The ability of V. parahaemolyticus endotoxins to stimulate production of antibodies was determined.

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Analysis of Vibrio parahaemolyticus soluble antigens by employing passive hemagglutination

Sochard¹,

Colwell²

1979

J Clin Microbiol

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“…The establishment of its medical importance by Japanese investigators has been predicated on two factors: the custom of consuming raw fish (sashimi, shirasu, sushi) and the recognition that B. parahaemolytica is a marine organism unable to grow on most common laboratory media unless they are supplemented with sodium chloride. The latter factor has been instrumental in the identification of this organism and explains why B. parahaemolytica has only recently been implicated in outbreaks of gastroenteritis in other countries (7,10,11). The potential health hazard that B. parahaemolytica presents in countries other than Japan has been demonstrated by recent outbreaks of gastroenteritis in the United States and in Australia (7,10).…”

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“…The latter factor has been instrumental in the identification of this organism and explains why B. parahaemolytica has only recently been implicated in outbreaks of gastroenteritis in other countries (7,10,11). The potential health hazard that B. parahaemolytica presents in countries other than Japan has been demonstrated by recent outbreaks of gastroenteritis in the United States and in Australia (7,10). In both outbreaks, cooked seafood appears to have been contaminated with materials from marine sources prior to consumption.…”

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“…Consequently, it has not been known whether the phenotypic traits used for the differentiation of B. parahaemolytica from other marine bacteria were in fact valid for this purpose. The most commonly utilized scheme for the identification of B. parahaemolytica (6,7,15,22,26,30,36) is that proposed by Sakazaki et al (27). This scheme purports to distinguish B. parahaemolvtica, B. alginolytica, and a third group of marine bacteria, loosely designated V. anguillarum, primarily on the basis of salt tolerance, the Voges-Proskauer reaction, sucrose fermentation, and swarming on complex, solid media.…”

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Taxonomy of Marine Bacteria: Beneckea parahaemolytica and Beneckea alginolytica

Baumann

Reichelt

1973

J Bacteriol

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A collection of 169 strains, including 91 obtained from cases of gastroenteritis and 41 from localized tissue infections and infections of the eye and ear, was submitted to an extensive nutritional, physiological, and morphological characterization. The nutritional and physiological data obtained from these strains, as well as data for strains of other species of the genus Beneckea, were submitted to a numerical analysis which grouped the strains into clusters on the basis of phenotypic similarity. Strains from cases of gastroenteritis formed a group of three clusters which linked at a similarity value of 68%. These three clusters could not, however, be separated from each other by universally positive or negative traits, and on the basis of their overall phenotypic similarity were assigned to a single species, B. parahaemolytica. The majority of the strains from human, nonenteric sources segregated into two distinct clusters, one designated B. alginolytica and the other unassigned with respect to species (group C-2). B. parahaemolytica, B. alginolytica, and group C-2 could be readily distinguished from one another as well as from the remaining species of the genus Beneckea by multiple, unrelated, phenotypic traits. Activities of selected enzymes of glucose and gluconate catabolism in cell-free extracts of B. parahaemolytica, B. alginolvtica, and group C-2 suggested that these organisms utilized glucose primarily via the Embden-Meyerhof pathway and gluconate primarily via the Entner-Doudoroff pathway. Similar results were observed in the other members of the genus Beneckea.

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“…The existence of potentially pathogenic marine and estuarine vibrios indigenous to the coastal regions of the United States has only recently been discovered. Reports appearing with increasing frequency in American (2,4,6,8,15,21,24,26,34,36,37) as well as foreign (5,7,17,25,33) literature describe isolates from diverse sources as phenotypically very similar to Vibrio parahaemolyticus, the causative agent of gastroenteritis outbreaks in Japan (16,18,19,28,29,38).…”

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