Gastric-Juice Nitrite and Gastric Cancer

Jones, Sophie; Davies, PamelaA.; Savage, A

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(78)92421-2

Cited by 29 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Many of the organisms isolated possess nitrate reductase activity so the enhanced gastric formation of nitrite and the subsequent bacterially catalyzed formation of nitroso compounds (many of which are carcinogenic) have been intensively studied, particularly in the light of the increased risk of gastric cancer in some hypochlorhydric groups (Jones et al, 1978). Reed et al (1981) found a significant relationship between gastric pH, bacterial colonization, and nitrite and nitrosamine concentration in people with various gastrointestinal disorders.…”

Section: Gastrointestinal Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Affecting Metabolic Activity of the Intestinal Microflora

Rowland

1988

Drug Metabolism Reviews

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1. The metabolic activity of the gastrointestinal microflora can be modified by numerous factors derived from the host, the host's environment, and the flora itself. 2. Marked differences exist in microbial composition and metabolism of the gut floras of different species of animal, and in the degree of colonization of the various regions of the gut. 3. The microbial flora changes with age, particularly in early infancy, and developmental changes in in vivo metabolism attributable to the gut flora have been noted for methylmercury. 4. Gastrointestinal disease can have a profound effect on microbial colonization and metabolism in the upper regions of the human gut. In particular, hypochlorhydria can lead to elevation in bacterial numbers, and nitrite and nitrosamine concentrations in gastric juice. 5. Environmental factors such as drugs (particularly antibiotics), diet, and xenobiotics can modify microbial metabolism and toxicity of foreign compounds. In some cases exposure to xenobiotics (e.g., cyclamate, rutin) results in metabolic adaptation and increased biotransformation of the foreign compound. 6. By their fermentation of dietary residues and endogenous carbohydrates, the gut bacteria produce acids which can lower lumenal pH and, in turn, modify bacterial enzyme activities. However, the changes in activity appear to be enzyme specific, some increasing with pH and others being inversely related to pH of incubation.

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Section: Gastrointestinal Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Affecting Metabolic Activity of the Intestinal Microflora

Rowland

1988

Drug Metabolism Reviews

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“…The risk of gastric cancer induced by N-nitroso compounds has been demonstrated in animal experiments (23)(24)(25). An increase in gastric nitrite was observed in patients with intestinal metaplasia, dysplasia and gastric cancer (26)(27)(28). The use of nitrate-based fertilizers (27,29,30) and pickled foods that contain nitrosated products (31,32) has been shown to positively correlate with gastric cancer.…”

Section: Environmental Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An increase in gastric nitrite was observed in patients with intestinal metaplasia, dysplasia and gastric cancer (26)(27)(28). The use of nitrate-based fertilizers (27,29,30) and pickled foods that contain nitrosated products (31,32) has been shown to positively correlate with gastric cancer. High salt intake has been shown to damage stomach mucosa and increase the susceptibility to carcinogenesis in rodents (33)(34)(35).…”

Section: Environmental Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gastric Cancer: Past, Present and Future

Chan

Wong

Lam

2001

Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology

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Gastric cancer remains a major cause of cancer mortality in the world. However, in the past 10 decades, the view of gastric cancer has been changing. This includes the unexplained decline in the incidence of the cancer, the proximal shift of the cancer in the stomach, the identification of Helicobacter pylori as an etiological agent, rapid development in molecular tumour biology, new treatment modalities and the adoption of mass screening for prevention. This article reviews the changing views of gastric cancer and the latest developments.

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“…Nitrite is present in both normal and pathological conditions in saliva (Tannenbaum et al, 1974; Ishiwata et ai, 1975;Spiegelhalder et al, 1976), gastric contents [Ruddell et al, 1976[Ruddell et al, , 1978Jones et al, 1978;Tannenbaum et al, 1979], intestinal contents and feces [Tannen baum et al, 1978) and urine [Stephany andSchuller, 1978). In addition, nitrosamines have been found in blood [Fine et al, 1977; Lakritz et al, 1979; personal communications [Wang et al, 1978], and urine [Hicks et ai, 1978;Stephany and Schuller, 1978;Kakizoe et al, 1979], Although several nitrosamines have been found in these studies, the most ubiquitous compound has been N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Model for Estimation of Human Exposure to Endogenous N-Nitrosodimethylamine

Tannenbaum¹

1980

Oncology

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A simple mathematical model is formulated to estimate the order of magnitude of the flux of N-nitrosodimethylamine, based upon blood concentrations and the assumption of a quasi steady state between formation and metabolism. The model predicts a total daily exposure which corresponds to an extrapolated risk well within the observed risk for liver cancer in the USA. The ramifications of this model are significant for cancer prevention and for the development of techniques of risk extrapolation.

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Gastric-Juice Nitrite and Gastric Cancer

Cited by 29 publications

References 4 publications

Factors Affecting Metabolic Activity of the Intestinal Microflora

Factors Affecting Metabolic Activity of the Intestinal Microflora

Gastric Cancer: Past, Present and Future

A Model for Estimation of Human Exposure to Endogenous N-Nitrosodimethylamine

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