Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide: Its Physiologic Release and Insulinotropic Action in the Dog

Pederson, Raymond A.; Schubert, H; Brown, John C.

doi:10.2337/diab.24.12.1050

Cited by 190 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Very recent studies [27,28] indicate that of the known gastrointestinal hormones, gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) is the most likely candidate for the incretin activity, at least during carbohydrate ingestion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The enteral insulin-stimulation after pancreas transplantation in the pig

1976

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Summary. The insulin responses to an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and in intravenous glucose infusion (IVGI), designed to copy the changes in serum glucose concentrations found during OGTT, were measured in four pigs before and after heterotopic pancreatico-duodenal allotransplantation and total pancreatectomy. After transplantation and total pancreatectomy a remarkable hyperinsulinaemia occurred during OGTT and IVGI, reflected by an almost two-fold increment in the insulinogenic index after transplantation. This finding might be explained by drainage of the transplanted pancreas into the systemic circulation instead of the portal vein. The magnitude of the enteral stimulus, i. e. the incretin effect on insulin secretion during OGTT was unchanged after transplantation, suggesting that the incretin effect is not mediated by neural influences upon the endocrine pancreas.Key words: Glucose, incretin, insulin secretion, pancreatic transplantation, pigs.Oral glucose induces an insulin response more than twice as large as that induced by intravenous glucose [1][2][3][4]. The mechanism behind this phenomenon, termed incretin [5], has received much attention, but its nature has not yet been entirely explained. The incretin effect has mainly been conceived as being of hormonal nature [6][7][8][9][10][11]. However, it might also be due to neural augmentation of the insulin response [4,[12][13][14], though until now no studies have excluded this possibility.The present study was designed to evaluate the necessity of pancreatic innervation on the incretin effect in pigs by studying the effect of heterotopic pancreatic allotransplantation on the insulin responses to oral and intravenous glucose administration. Material and MethodsEight healthy pigs of Danish Landrace weighing 29-34 kg were used in the study.The operative procedure has been described in detail previously [15]. In short, total pancreaticoduodenectomy was performed in the donor pig, with resection of an 8 cm long segment of aorta containing both the coeliac and the superior mesenteric arteries. In the recipient pigs pancreaticoduodenal transplantation was as follows: The infrarenal vena cava and the abdominal aorta were exposed for approximately 8 cm. The distal end of the donor aortic segment was anastomosed end-to-side to the abdominal aorta of the recipient and the donor portal vein joined end-to-side to the inferior vena cava of the recipient. The duodenal segment was anastomosed end-to-side to the upper part of jejtmum. Total Pan7 createctomy was performed in the recipient pig one week after transplantation. Penicillin was given during the first postoperative week. Immunosuppressive therapy was not given.The mean survival time of the four pigs was 73.5 days (range 35-98 days). They remained normoglycaemic for an average of 63.3 days (range 21-91 days). During the investigative period all pigs were in good clinical condition without any signs of malabsorptive disorders. After death the pigs were autopsied and, to insure that there were no remaining pa...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The enteral insulin-stimulation after pancreas transplantation in the pig

1976

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“…Initially, it was considered an inhibitor of gastric acid secretion, 83,84 but later studies demonstrated glucose-dependent stimulation of insulin secretion by GIP, suggesting an incretin role. 85 In time, the term GIP became synonymous with glucose inhibitory polypeptide. GIP is released in response to oral nutrient ingestion from K-cells in the gut.…”

Section: Impact Of Bariatric Surgery On Bone Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bariatric surgery and bone disease: from clinical perspective to molecular insights

et al. 2012

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“…It is secreted in response to glucose ingestion and stimulates insulin secretion preferentially at high circulating glucose levels (Pederson et al, 1975;Andersen et al, 1978). Therefore, the GIP-cell can detect luminal glucose and could theoretically participate in the encoding of glucose-specific information to be transmitted to the brain.…”

Section: Upper Small Intestine: Cck Gip and "Taste In The Gut"mentioning

confidence: 99%

The vagus nerve, food intake and obesity

Berthoud

2008

Regulatory Peptides

261

199

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Food interacts with sensors all along the alimentary canal to provide the brain with information regarding its composition, energy content, and beneficial effect. Vagal afferents innervating the gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, and liver provide a rapid and discrete account of digestible food in the alimentary canal, as well as circulating and stored fuels, while vagal efferents together with the sympathetic nervous system and hormonal mechanisms codetermine the rate of nutrient absorption, partitioning, storage, and mobilization. Although vagal sensory mechanisms play a crucial role in the neural mechanism of satiation, there is little evidence suggesting a significant role in long-term energy homeostasis. However, increasing recognition of vagal involvement in the putative mechanisms making bariatric surgeries the most effective treatment for obesity should greatly stimulate future research to uncover the many details regarding the specific transduction mechanisms in the periphery and the inter-and intra-neuronal signaling cascades disseminating vagal information across the neuraxis.

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Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide: Its Physiologic Release and Insulinotropic Action in the Dog

Cited by 190 publications

References 3 publications

The enteral insulin-stimulation after pancreas transplantation in the pig

The enteral insulin-stimulation after pancreas transplantation in the pig

Bariatric surgery and bone disease: from clinical perspective to molecular insights

The vagus nerve, food intake and obesity

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