Gastric Hypothermia (Wangensteen): A Preliminary Report on Cooling and “Freezing” With the Use of a New Machine

Gibbons, Wylie D.

doi:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1966.tb73528.x

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 3 publications

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“…The outcomes of these patients are summarized in Table 5. Twenty-four percent Gibbons (1966) reported that 76% of his patients were "generally well" at follow-up, but stressed that some had been treated too recently for definitive assessment.…”

Section: Wangensteenmentioning

confidence: 99%

The power of nonspecific effects in healing: Implications for psychosocial and biological treatments

Roberts

Kewman

Mercier

et al. 1993

Clinical Psychology Review

155

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We evaluate the hypothesis that the power of nonspecific ejects may account for as much as two thirds of successful treatment outcomes when both the healer and the patient believe in the efficacy of a treatment. Five medical and surgical treatments, once considered to be eJiicacious by their proponents but no longer considered effective based upon later controlled trials, were selected according to strict inclusion criteria. A search of the English literature was condtutedfor all studies published for each treatment area. The results of these studies were categorized, where possible, into excellent, good, and poor outcomes. For these five treatments combined, 40% excellent, 30% good, and 30% poor results were reported by proponents. We conclude that, under conditions of heightened expectations, the power of nonspeczfic eflects far exceeds that commonly reported in the literature. The implications of these results in evaluating the relative eflicacy of biological and psychosocial treatments is discussed. The issue of specific and nonspecific effects in psychiatric and psychological interventions continues to be a matter of intense interest and debate. Controversies involve both biological (Fisher & Greenberg, 1989a; Margraf et al., 1991) and psychosocial (Beutler,

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Section: Wangensteenmentioning

confidence: 99%