Gastric Hypomotility in Chronic Upper Gastrointestinal Disease of Japanese Macaques (Macaca fuscata)

Abstract

Japanese macaques bred indoor for laboratory use often show chronic anorexia and intermittent vomiting. In some of our macaques gastric air was observed on physical examination, and we suspected abnormality of gastric motility. We therefore performed contrast radiographic examinations of the gastrointestinal tract without anesthesia of 8 macaques with gastrointestinal symptoms and 9 asymptomatic controls from the same laboratory. Changes of abdominal radiography over time were observed following oral administration of contrast medium. In all control animals, contrast medium had completely passed from the stomach within 150 min after administration. However, all animals with gastrointestinal symptoms retained some contrast medium in the stomach. Gastric emptying time of contrast medium was associated with excessive gastric air in Japanese macaques; therefore, gastric emptying time seems to be associated with decreased gastric motility.

A Retrospective Comparison of Electrocardiographic Parameters in Ketamine and Tiletamine-Zolazepam Anesthetized Indian Rhesus Monkeys (Macaca mulatta)

“…It has been reported that KTM does not majorly affect ECG parameters except HR. 26,41,42 In the present study, neither KTM nor TZ treatment resulted in any major changes in common electrocardiographic parameters of rhesus monkeys other than HR.…”

“…Mean HR values of KTM- and TZ-anesthetized groups were found to be significant upon comparison, wherein the mean heart rate of the KTM group was significantly lower than the HR of the TZ group of animals. Previously reported studies in Macaca mulatta sedated by KTM have reported mean HR values of 134 ± 15 bpm, while the mean HR from KTM-sedated Macaca fusucata 26 was 158 ± 20 and KTM-sedated Macaca fascicularis 41 were 168 ± 22 bpm. It has been observed that anesthetized animals, regardless of the choice of anesthetics, have displayed higher mean HR values.…”

“…These similarities make rhesus monkeys an important and relevant animal model for understanding the effects of test molecules on the human heart. 6,10,[25][26][27][28] To obtain a steady-state heart rate in rhesus monkeys and to minimize harm to animals or personnel while handling conscious animals, electrocardiographic examination can be performed in rhesus monkeys under anesthesia. 28,29 Ketamine (KTM) and tiletamine-zolazepam (TZ) are two of the most commonly used anesthetics in NHPs.…”

Contactless vital signs monitoring in macaques using a mm-wave FMCW radar

“…Traditionally, the most common contact sensing tool for HR and RR measurement is an electrocardiogram (ECG) 8 . For example, ECG sensors were employed in NHPs, e.g., ECGs from monkeys under anesthesia 9 , 10 , an implanted sensor 11 , 12 , wearable jacket systems for non-sedated monkeys 13 .…”

Automated video-based heart rate tracking for the anesthetized and behaving monkey

“…In young infants or animals, placing the captor or maintaining it all throughout the experiment may turn out to be challenging if not impossible. In monkeys, recording HR either involves ECG or PPG under sedation [18][19][20] or implanting a telemetry device for HR measure during behaviour 21,22 . PPG recording or HR measures using captors embedded in a wearable jacket is also an option 11,23,24 .…”