Gastric distention activates satiety circuitry in the human brain

Wang, Gene‐Jack; Tomasi, Dardo; Backus, W. Walter; Wang, Ruiliang; Telang, Frank; Geliebter, Allan; Körner, Judith; Bauman, Angela; Fowler, Joanna S.; Thanos, Panayotis K.; Volkow, Nora D.

doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.11.008

Cited by 262 publications

(220 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Wang et al [173] have demonstrated the involvement of the amygdala in the processing of internal signals of fullness using dynamic gastric balloon distension. In healthy-weight and overweight participants, the activity of the left amygdala was negatively correlated with self-reported fullness.…”

Section: Additional Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The anterior medial temporal lobes: Their role in food intake and body weight regulation

Coppin

2016

Physiology & Behavior

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• The amygdala and hippocampus play a major role in food intake and weight regulation.• These functions are far less known to cognitive and affective scientists.• This review uniquely expands on the interactions between these two brain structures. a b s t r a c t a r t i c l e i n f o The anterior medial temporal lobes are one of the most studied parts of the brain. Classically, their two main structures -the amygdalae and the hippocampi -have been linked to key cognitive and affective functions, related in particular to learning and memory. Based on abundant evidence, we will argue for an alternative but complementary point of view: they may also play a major role in food intake and body weight regulation. First, an overview is given of early clinical evidence in this line of thought. Subsequently, empirical evidence is presented on how food intake, including in the extreme case of obesity, may relate to amygdalian and hippocampal functioning. The focus is on the amygdala's role in processing the relevance of food stimuli, cue-induced feeding, and stress-induced eating and on the hippocampus' involvement in the use of interoceptive signals of hunger and satiety, as well as memory and inhibitory processes related to food intake. Additionally, an elaboration takes place on possible reciprocal links between food intake, body weight, and amygdala and hippocampus functioning. Finally, issues that seemed particularly critical for future research in the field are discussed.

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Section: Additional Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The anterior medial temporal lobes: Their role in food intake and body weight regulation

Coppin

2016

Physiology & Behavior

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“…27 The hippocampus in addition to leptin receptors also expresses receptors for other neuropeptides involved in regulating food intake such as insulin and cholecystokinin, 28 and finally, two recent clinical studies showed that gastric stimulation and distention activated the hippocampus. 29,30 This suggests the possibility of functionally relevant connections between peripheral organs that is important in food-intake regulation such as the stomach and the hippocampus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in response to food stimuli in a rat model of obesity: in-vivo assessment of brain glucose metabolism

et al. 2008

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Objective: Food intake is regulated by factors that modulate caloric requirements as well as food's reinforcing properties. In this study, we measured brain glucose utilization to an olfactory stimulus (bacon scent), and we examined the role of food restriction and genetic predisposition to obesity on such brain metabolic activity. Methods: Zucker obese (Ob) and lean (Le) rats were divided into four groups: (1) Ob ad-libitum fed, (2) Ob food restricted (70% of ad libitum), (3) Le ad-libitum fed and (4) Le food restricted. Rats were scanned using m-positron emission tomography and 2-[ 18 F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose under two conditions: (1) baseline scan (no stimulation) and (2) challenge scan (food stimulation, FS). Results: FS resulted in deactivation of the right and left hippocampus. Ob rats showed greater changes with FS than Le rats (deactivation of hippocampus and activation of the medial thalamus) and Ob but not Le animals deactivated the frontal cortex and activated the superior colliculus. Access to food resulted in an opposite pattern of metabolic changes to the food stimuli in olfactory nucleus (deactivated in unrestricted and activated in restricted) and in right insular/parietal cortex (activated in unrestricted and deactivated in restricted). In addition, restricted but not unrestricted animals activated the medial thalamus. Conclusions: The greater changes in the Ob rats suggest that leptin modulates the regional brain responses to a familiar food stimulus. Similarly, the differences in the pattern of responses with food restriction suggest that FS is influenced by access to food conditions. The main changes with FS occurred in the hippocampus, a region involved in memory, the insular cortex, a region involved with interoception (perception of internal sensations), the medial thalamus (region involved in alertness) and in regions involved with sensory perception (olfactory bulb, olfactory nucleus, occipital cortex, superior colliculus and parietal cortex), which corroborates their relevance in the perception of food.

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“…Because of the insular's involvement in the interoceptive sense of the body, in emotional awareness (Craig 2003) and in motivation and emotion (Rolls 2008), a contribution of insular impairment in obesity could be expected. Indeed, gastric distention results in activation of the posterior insula, which is likely to reflect its role in the awareness of body states (in this case of fullness) (Wang et al 2008). Moreover, in lean but not in obese subjects gastric distention resulted in activation of the amygdala and deactivation of the anterior insula (Tomasi et al 2009).…”

Section: Involvement Of Interoceptive Circuitrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Food and Drug Reward: Overlapping Circuits in Human Obesity and Addiction

Volkow

Wang

Fowler

et al. 2011

Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences

342

326

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Both drug addiction and obesity can be defined as disorders in which the saliency value of one type of reward (drugs and food, respectively) becomes abnormally enhanced relative to, and at the expense of others. This model is consistent with the fact that both drugs and food have powerful reinforcing effects -partly mediated by dopamine increases in the limbic system-that, under certain circumstances or in vulnerable individuals, could overwhelm the brain's homeostatic control mechanisms. Such parallels have generated significant interest in understanding the shared vulnerabilities and trajectories between addiction and obesity. Now, brain imaging discoveries have started to uncover common features between these two conditions and to delineate some of the overlapping brain circuits whose dysfunctions may explain stereotypic and related behavioral deficits in human subjects. These results suggest that both obese and drug addicted individuals suffer from impairments in dopaminergic pathways that regulate neuronal systems associated not only with reward sensitivity and incentive motivation, but also with conditioning (memory/learning), impulse control (behavioral inhibition), stress reactivity and interoceptive awareness. Here, we integrate findings predominantly derived from positron emission tomography that investigate the role of dopamine in drug addiction and in obesity and propose an updated working model to help identify treatment strategies that may benefit both of these conditions.

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Gastric distention activates satiety circuitry in the human brain

Cited by 262 publications

References 45 publications

The anterior medial temporal lobes: Their role in food intake and body weight regulation

The anterior medial temporal lobes: Their role in food intake and body weight regulation

Differences in response to food stimuli in a rat model of obesity: in-vivo assessment of brain glucose metabolism

Food and Drug Reward: Overlapping Circuits in Human Obesity and Addiction

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