Gastric cancer: epidemiology, biology, and prevention: a mini review

Abstract

Gastric cancer is one of the most common causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide. The objective of this article is to review the epidemiology and biology of gastric cancer risk. This literature review explores the biological, clinical, and environmental factors that influence the rates of this disease and discuss the different intervention methods that may not only increase the awareness of gastric cancer but also increase screening in efforts to reduce the risk of gastric cancer. Helicobacter pylori infection is the primary risk factor for gastric cancer. Additional risk factors include geographical location, age, sex, smoking, socioeconomic status, dietary intake, and genetics. Primary and secondary prevention strategies such as dietary modifications and screenings are important measures for reducing the risk of gastric cancer. Interventions, such as H. pylori eradication through chemoprevention trials, have shown some potential as a preventative strategy. Although knowledge about gastric cancer risk has greatly increased, future research is warranted on the differentiation of gastric cancer epidemiology by subsite and exploring the interactions between H. pylori infection, genetics, and environmental factors. Better understanding of these relationships can help researchers determine the most effective intervention strategies for reducing the risk of this disease.

Hereditary Gastric and Breast Cancer Syndromes Related to CDH1 Germline Mutation: A Multidisciplinary Clinical Review

“…Despite a substantial fall in mortality over the last century, GC remains the third cause of cancer death worldwide [10,11]. Nonetheless, until recently it received little attention both in terms of prevention and research efforts.…”

Prognostic and clinicopathological significance of C-reactive protein/albumin ratio (CAR) in patients with gastric cancer: A meta-analysis

“…GC is a global health burden and it is estimated that 1,033,701 new GC cases and 782,685 deaths occurred in 2018 worldwide [2]. The risk factors of GC include H. pylori infection, geographical location, socioeconomic status, and age [3]. Surgery is the only chance for curative treatment; and implementation of a multidisciplinary approach is mandatory and improves survival outcomes [4].…”

Case Report: Gastric Wall Thickening: Radiological Diagnostic Challenges in Gastric Malignancy

“…Male have higher risk than female (2:1), tends to be black race, low socioeconomic groups, and in developing countries associated with previous Helicobacter pylori infection, the consumption level of preserved food, smoking history, and obesity. The peak age for gastric carcinoma is between 50 and 70 years old (Lyons et al, 2019). (Hallinan et al, 2013).…”