Gastric Blood Flow in Ulcer Diseases

Sato, Nobuhiro; Tsuji, S.; Ogihara, Tatsuo; Yamada, Shigenori

doi:10.3109/00365529509107756

Cited by 40 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Since GMBF plays an important role in gastric mucosal defense [8], we hypothesized that LPS would decrease GMBF and consequently exacerbate gastric injury from a subsequent challenge with a luminal irritant. In addition, it was our contention that both effects occurred through a NO-sensitive mechanism.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does Upregulation of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase (iNOS) Render the Stomach More Susceptible to Damage?

Castaneda

Denning

Chang

et al. 1999

Journal of Surgical Research

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does Upregulation of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase (iNOS) Render the Stomach More Susceptible to Damage?

Castaneda

Denning

Chang

et al. 1999

Journal of Surgical Research

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“…Numerous experimental studies have demonstrated the importance of mucosal blood flow in the defense of the gastric mucosa against injury (1,12,20,27,33,42,47,52). The blood flow carries bicarbonate to neutralize acid and removes cellular waste products.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary nitrate increases gastric mucosal blood flow and mucosal defense

Petersson

Phillipson²,

Jansson³

et al. 2007

American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physi

130

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Salivary nitrate from dietary or endogenous sources is reduced to nitrite by oral bacteria. In the acidic stomach, nitrite is further reduced to bioactive nitrogen oxides, including nitric oxide (NO). In this study, we investigated the gastroprotective role of nitrate intake and of luminally applied nitrite against provocation with diclofenac and taurocholate. Mucosal permeability ( 51 Cr-EDTA clearance) and gastric mucosal blood flow (laser-Doppler flowmetry) were measured in anesthetized rats, either pretreated with nitrate in the drinking water or given acidified nitrite luminally. Diclofenac was given intravenously and taurocholate luminally to challenge the gastric mucosa. Luminal NO content and nitrite content in the gastric mucus were determined by chemiluminescence. The effect of luminal administration of acidified nitrite on the mucosal blood flow was also investigated in endothelial nitric oxide synthasedeficient mice. Rats pretreated with nitrate or given nitrite luminally had higher gastric mucosal blood flow than controls. Permeability increased more during the provocation in the controls than in the nitrate-and nitrite-treated animals. Dietary nitrate increased luminal NO levels 50 times compared with controls. Nitrate intake also resulted in nitrite accumulation in the loosely adherent mucous layer; after removal of this mucous layer, blood flow was reduced. Nitrite administrated luminally in endothelial nitric oxide synthase-deficient mice increased mucosal blood flow. We conclude that dietary nitrate and direct luminal application of acidified nitrite decrease diclofenacand taurocholate-induced mucosal damage. The gastroprotective effect likely involves a higher mucosal blood flow caused by nonenzymatic NO production. These data suggest an important physiological role of nitrate in the diet. laser-Doppler flowmetry;51 chromium-labeled EDTA clearance; nitrite; rats; endothelial nitric oxide synthase deficient; gastric mucus THE ROLE OF NITRATE IN OUR diet has been a subject of great controversy over the years. The anxiety concerning nitrate consumption is related to the presumed association with gastrointestinal cancer. Today, however, there are more studies contradicting than supporting such a correlation (36). Several recent studies have in fact suggested that dietary nitrate has a gastroprotective role (6,16,31,32,35,38). Most of the nitrate in our diet originates from green leafy vegetables, a natural source of food for humans. Bacteria in the oral cavity reduce parts of the nitrate to nitrite, and human saliva therefore contains both of these anions (49). A large amount of nitric oxide (NO) is produced in the upper gut when swallowed nitrite reacts with hydrogen ions (6,35,37).

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“…28,29) Disturbances of gastricmucosal microcirculation and abnormal motility also have been considered to be the pathogenic mechanisms responsible for stress-induced gastric-mucosal lesions. 30) Our data showed that pre-treatment with crotonin (100 mg/kg) significantly protected the gastric mucosa against hypothermic restraint-stress induced ulcers in mice as well as cimetidine at the same dose. In this assay, crotonin showed a more potent inhibition of gastric-lesion formation (72%) when compared to DHC (67%).…”

Section: 7)mentioning

confidence: 72%

Natural trans-Crotonin: The Antiulcerogenic Effect of Another Diterpene Isolated from the Bark of Croton cajucara Benth.

Hiruma-Lima

Toma

Gracioso

et al. 2002

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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Croton cajucara BENTH. (Euphorbiaceae), commonly known as "sacaca," is widely used as an aromatic and bitter tea made from the bark and leaves of a plant in Amazonian folk medicine for the treatment of a wide range of gastrointestinal symptoms. 1,2) We also reported the antiulcerogenic activity of DHC (trans-dehydrocrotonin), the principal furano diterpene isolated from C. cajucara bark, on indomethacin-, hypothermic restraint-stress-, ethanol-and pylorus ligature-induced gastric ulcers in mice and rats.3) We also studied possible antiulcerogenic mechanisms involved in the action of DHC.4) The acute and subchronic toxicity of this compound was also studied by our group through both in vivo and in vitro assays showing oral toxicity when administered for a short period of time (35 d).3,5) Besides DHC, we also studied the antiulcerogenic activity of other diterpenes with a clerodane skeleton such as cordatin and aparisthman with excellent results. 6,7)We describe here the isolation of the second most important nor-clerodane diterpene from the bark of this plant, crotonin, and our study of its antiulcerogenic activity on indomethacin/bethanechol-, hypothermic restraint-stress-and pylorus ligature-induced gastric ulcer in mice. In the HCl/ethanol model, we studied whether the effect of crotonin was dose-dependent compared with that of cimetidine. The parameters of gastric-acid secretion such as gastric acidity and gastric-juice volume were analyzed in animals submitted to the Shay method and treated with crotonin by the oral and intraduodenal route. Moreover, the effects of crotonin on free mucus production were also determined. Data for DHC was also included for comparison in all experiments. Regarding the structure activity relationship, by comparing the antiulcerogenic activity of DHC and crotonin, we can evaluate the importance of parts of both molecules for the bioactivity tested.

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Gastric Blood Flow in Ulcer Diseases

Cited by 40 publications

References 6 publications

Does Upregulation of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase (iNOS) Render the Stomach More Susceptible to Damage?

Does Upregulation of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase (iNOS) Render the Stomach More Susceptible to Damage?

Dietary nitrate increases gastric mucosal blood flow and mucosal defense

Natural trans-Crotonin: The Antiulcerogenic Effect of Another Diterpene Isolated from the Bark of Croton cajucara Benth.

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