Gastric adenosquamous carcinoma producing granulocyte-colony stimulating factor: a case of a rare malignancy

Abstract

BackgroundA gastric adenosquamous carcinoma (ASC) that produces granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) is an uncommon malignancy with a poor prognosis. Due to the rarity of this lesion, a standard treatment for the disease has not been established.Case presentationWe describe a case of a 66-year-old male with a G-CSF-producing gastric ASC who presented with severe anemia and leukocytosis. A radical resection was performed, followed by a course of adjuvant chemotherapy. Histopathologic examination revealed that the tumor consisted of areas of both squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. Immunohistochemical staining with an anti-G-CSF antibody was also positive. He was started on adjuvant capecitabine and oxaliplatin (CapeOX) 6 weeks after surgery. The patient stopped treatment after 3 months due to his own preference. Eight months following surgery, the patient was found to have diffuse lymph node, liver, and peritoneal metastases.ConclusionsG-CSF-producing gastric ASC is a rare and aggressive tumor. Because patients are usually diagnosed at an advanced stage, multidisciplinary evaluation and innovative treatments are needed. The rarity of this disease, with its aggressive features, poses a significant challenge in its treatment. In this brief case report, we summarize the management and outcomes of G-CSF-producing gastric ASC.

Imaging findings of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor-producing tumors: a case series and review of the literature

“…This marked uptake by tumors could be related to the tumors’ large size, higher grade of malignancy, and marked inflammatory cell infiltration [ 7 ]. G-CSF-producing tumors are thought to be more common in less differentiated carcinomas [ 2 – 4 ]. The pathological findings of our cases and literature review also included 11 cases of poorly differentiated carcinoma and 4 cases of undifferentiated carcinoma or sarcoma.…”

“…Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is a glycoprotein that stimulates the proliferation and differentiation of neutrophil progenitor cells in bone marrow [1]. There have been many reported cases of G-CSF-producing tumors in various organs, particularly the lung [2][3][4][5]. G-CSF-producing tumors generally exhibit significant hyperplastic and metastatic properties and have a poor prognosis [2][3][4].…”

“…There have been many reported cases of G-CSF-producing tumors in various organs, particularly the lung [2][3][4][5]. G-CSF-producing tumors generally exhibit significant hyperplastic and metastatic properties and have a poor prognosis [2][3][4]. Leukocytosis and inflammatory reactions due to the produced G-CSF and other inflammatory cytokines by tumors can be mistaken for other diseases, such as infections [2,3,5].…”

Clinical application of ceramide in cancer treatment

“…Platinum agents are used for many types of malignancies such as esophagus cancer [50], gastric cancer [51], and triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) [52]. Cisplatin functions by forming DNA intrastrand crosslinks resulting in DNA damage.…”

Metabolic profile analysis in hematological malignancies

“…Since the levels of sphingolipid molecules are tightly controlled by metabolic enzymes, any changes in their expression or activity can have significant effects on the induction of cancer cell death or survival [35]. Similar abnormalities in sphingolipid metabolism have been found in other hematological neoplasms as well as in breast cancer and other acute leukemias [36][37][38]. These findings suggest a potential disruption in sphingolipid metabolism, possibly involving dihydroceramide synthases, which play unique roles in regulating cell death in cancer.…”