Gasoline-like hydrocarbons by catalytic cracking of soap phase residue of neutralization process of palm oil ( Elaeis guineensis Jacq)

Santos, Marcelo Costa; Lourenço, R.; Abreu, D.H. de; Pereira, Anderson Mathias; Castro, Douglas Alberto Rocha de; Pereira, M.S.; Almeida, Hellen; Mancio, A. A.; Lhamas, Dyenny Ellen Lima; Mota, Sílvio Alex Pereira da; Souza, José Antônio da Silva; Júnior, Sérgio Duvoisin; Araújo, Marilena Emmi; Borges, Luiz Eduardo Pizarro; Machado, Nélio Teixeira

doi:10.1016/j.jtice.2016.11.016

Cited by 32 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…The presence of esters and soaps, formed in situ, justified the use of inorganic sodium salts to reduce the acidity of the feedstock. The acidity reduction was also observed in the slow pyrolysis of vegetable oils at temperatures around 450 °C, using Na2CO3 as the catalyst [12][13][14]27]. The formation of hydrocarbons, including alkanes, was confirmed in reactions having reactive molecules like the fatty acids formed by the initial degradation of triglycerides, due to the predominant effect of Na2CO3 basic properties.…”

Section: Temperature (°C)mentioning

confidence: 75%

“…The acid content of bio-oils, caused by the presence of carboxylic acids and water content, is an important parameter for the use of biomass feedstock for biofuels production [10,11]. During pyrolysis of bio-oils, alkali metal carbonates, including sodium carbonate, were used to significantly decrease the oxygen content and the acidity of the products [12][13][14]. However, carbonates were generally used with complex feedstocks and not simple model molecules [15][16][17][18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fast Catalytic Pyrolysis of Dilaurin in the Presence of Sodium Carbonate Alone or Combined with Alumina

et al. 2019

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The objective of this work was to study the fast pyrolysis of a diglyceride intermediate compound during the conversion of triglycerides to fatty acids, esters and/or hydrocarbons. Dilaurin was selected as a model compound. Pyrolysis was conducted in a micro-pyrolyzer coupled to GC-MS equipment at 500, 550 and 600 °C for 15 s in the presence of sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) as the catalyst. Results were compared to pyrolysis data using γ-Al2O3 as a catalyst. At 600 °C with Na2CO3 almost total conversion of diglyceride was obtained, with the formation of 41.3% hydrocarbons (C3 to C13). In the same conditions using alumina as a catalyst 68.5% of hydrocarbons were obtained. Na2CO3 presented itself as an efficient feedstock modifier, allowing pre-cracking and partial deoxygenation of the load. The use of the Na2CO3 and γ-Al2O3 conjugated system in layers reduced the fatty acid content in the products, increasing both the reagent conversion and the hydrocarbon variety (C3 to C23). This work suggests that the use of a double bed catalytic reactor is suitable for performing a deoxygenating pretreatment and producing hydrocarbons compatible with current liquid fuels, being potentially useful for more complex raw materials such as those from biomass treatments.

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Section: Temperature (°C)mentioning

confidence: 75%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fast Catalytic Pyrolysis of Dilaurin in the Presence of Sodium Carbonate Alone or Combined with Alumina

et al. 2019

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“…Various researches have been conducted in a batch or semi-batch reactor [6,8,[10][11][12][13][14][15]. Continuous hydrothermal decarboxylation of oleic acid in the presence of activated carbon catalyst gave a conversion rate of 91% of oleic acid, 89.3% selectivity to heptadecane when operated at 400 °C, 2 hours of space-time, waterto-oleic acid ratio of 4:1, and pressure < 500 psi.…”

Section: (Rcoo)m(oh) →Rh + Mco 3 (2)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The yield of metal basic-soap decarboxylation, both batch and continuous, was quite similar and higher than the thermal cracking of palm oil [11], the thermal cracking of soap phase residue of neutralization process of palm oil [6], and the deoxygenation of PFAD [12]. However, it was lower than hydro-processed rapeseed oil (83% (wt.))…”

Section: Decarboxylationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of Liquid Product Characteristics of PFAD Metal Soap Decarboxylation by Batch and Continuous Process

Neonufa

Elizabeth²,

Puspawiningtiyas

et al. 2021

J. Eng. Technol. Sci.

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Well-run continuous processes will benefit the industrial world in the future. This paper investigated the effect of batch and continuous processes on metal basic soap decarboxylation in terms of the liquid product characteristics. The metal soap used in the process was made from palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) reacted with mixed metal oxides of Zn, Mg, and Ca. While the batch decarboxylation was carried out in a batch reactor at 400 °C for 5 hours, the continuous decarboxylation was conducted at 400 °C with a feed flow rate of 3.75 gr/minutes. Theoretically, the yield of batch decarboxylation is 76.6 wt% while the yield of continuous decarboxylation is 73.37 wt%. The liquid product was fractionated to separate short-chain hydrocarbon of C7-C10 (gasoline fractions) from medium- to long-chain hydrocarbons, or greater than C11 (green diesel fraction). The result showed that the alkane content from the batch process was higher than from the continuous process, whereas the continuous process produced more ketone products compared to the batch process. Furthermore, the GC-FID analysis showed a similar amount of total hydrocarbon (alkane, iso-alkane, and alkene) in both the batch and the continuous process.

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Optimisation Study of Catalytic Cracking of Refined Rubber Seed Oil for Biogasoline Production Using Response Surface Methodology

Singh

Yusup

2019

Horizons in Bioprocess Engineering

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Gasoline-like hydrocarbons by catalytic cracking of soap phase residue of neutralization process of palm oil ( Elaeis guineensis Jacq)

Cited by 32 publications

References 39 publications

Fast Catalytic Pyrolysis of Dilaurin in the Presence of Sodium Carbonate Alone or Combined with Alumina

Fast Catalytic Pyrolysis of Dilaurin in the Presence of Sodium Carbonate Alone or Combined with Alumina

Comparison of Liquid Product Characteristics of PFAD Metal Soap Decarboxylation by Batch and Continuous Process

Optimisation Study of Catalytic Cracking of Refined Rubber Seed Oil for Biogasoline Production Using Response Surface Methodology

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