Gasification Slag and the Mechanisms by Which Phosphorous Additions Reduce Slag Wear and Corrosion in High Cr2O3 Refractories

Bennett, James P.; Nakano, Anna; Nakano, Jinichiro; Thomas, Hugh

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-48769-4_118

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Particularly, the wear rate of bricks with phosphate during the first two-thirds of life was only half of that comparing to the conventional bricks. This result is similar to Bennett's reports, 23,24,26 in which the running time of less than 6000 h may be only the first half of their life.…”

Section: Damage Rate At Different Service Stagessupporting

confidence: 91%

“…21,22 High chromia bricks with 3.3% P 2 O 5 mass were prepared, and field test result in a commercial gasifier indicated that phosphate additions were confirmed to reduce spalling and to increase the corrosion resistance in comparison to refractories without phosphate. 23,24 However, unfortunately, the experimental time was less than half of their complete service time. And the damage in the second half of their life has been a mystery.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spalling degradation of Cr₂O₃‐Al₂O₃‐ZrO₂ refractories for coal‐water slurry gasifier linings: Role of phosphate

Sun

Geng

et al. 2022

Int J Applied Ceramic Tech

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Two kinds of high chromia bricks with and without phosphate as gasifier linings were postmortem analyzed during their whole service life. The effect of phosphate on the microstructure and phase composition of refractory sections was analyzed. The dense phosphate enrichment layer was observed between the slag penetration layer and the virgin layer, which was considered to reduce the damage of gasifier lining caused by spalling. Phosphate could decompose and migrate slowly under suitable temperature gradient existing in the bricks in service, which would result in the densification of the microstructure earlier than slag penetration. The phosphate in high chromia bricks reduced frequency of spalling due to penetration, which would lead to the lower early wear rate and longer lifetime.

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Section: Damage Rate At Different Service Stagessupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spalling degradation of Cr₂O₃‐Al₂O₃‐ZrO₂ refractories for coal‐water slurry gasifier linings: Role of phosphate

Sun

Geng

et al. 2022

Int J Applied Ceramic Tech

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“…These conditions may exist in the BOS process early in the heat, before significant decarburisation of the metal has occurred, or close to the MgO-C refractory walls. 118–121…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of phosphorus partition relations for use in basic oxygen steelmaking

Drain

Monaghan

Zhang

et al. 2017

Ironmaking & Steelmaking

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Phosphorus removal in basic oxygen steelmaking is a significant problem for integrated steelmakers. Phosphorus removal is required due to its deleterious effect on the mechanical properties of steel. However, this is progressively becoming more difficult due to the increasing phosphorus content of many iron ores. Many studies have investigated dephosphorisation and published empirical phosphorus partition (L P ) equations for a range of conditions. The structure of these equations has been used to develop a new partition relation that allows the effect of minor slag constituents such as TiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 and V 2 O 5 on steel dephosphorisation to be tested. Al 2 O 3 was found to have a weak negative effect on the measured L P , except at the lower oxygen potential range tested, where a positive correlation was observed. Increasing TiO 2 and V 2 O 5 contents were found to decrease the measured L P ; however, these correlations became less prevalent at the higher oxygen potential ranges tested. AbstractPhosphorus removal in basic oxygen steelmaking (BOS) is a significant problem for integrated steelmakers. Phosphorus removal is required due to its deleterious effect on the mechanical properties of steel. However, this is progressively becoming more difficult due to the increasing phosphorus content of many iron ores.Many studies have investigated dephosphorisation and published empirical phosphorus partition (L P ) equations for a range of conditions. The structure of these equations have been used to develop a new partition relation that allows the effect of minor slag constituents such as TiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 and V 2 O 5 on steel dephosphorisation to be tested. Al 2 O 3 was found to have a weak negative effect on the measured L P , except at the lower oxygen potential range tested, where a positive correlation was observed. Increasing TiO 2 and V 2 O 5 contents were found to decrease the measured L P , however these correlations became less prevalent at the higher oxygen potential ranges tested. Definitions and Nomenclature( ) = in slag solution [ ] = in liquid iron solution %i = mass % of i (%Fe t ) = mass% of total Fe in slag phase (%Fe t O) = mass% of total Fe in slag phase as FeO M i = molecular weight of oxide i R = universal gas constant, 8.314 JK -1 mol -1 N = mole fraction of oxide or ion = L P calculated by model � = L P calculated by linear regression line through results to the origin = optical basicity of slag Λ i = optical basicity of single oxide of species i T = Temperature in K 4

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“…slagging gasifiers and coal combustion power plants, was patented . Bennet et al ,, investigated the specific mechanism(s) responsible for the improved corrosion resistance. Refractory bricks with and without phosphate was operated in a gasifier in the temperature range 1325–1575 °C, for approximately 8 months, and the composition at different locations in the refractory thereafter determined.…”

Section: Application Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on thermodynamic equilibrium calculations, it was suggested that AlPO 4 in the hot working refractory decomposed, resulting in release of phosphorus oxides. , When the phosphorus oxides migrate inward to the colder backup Al 2 O 3 -rich refractory, the reverse reaction occurred resulting in the observed AlPO 4 deposits. ,, The decomposition of AlPO 4 in the hot part of the refractory was also hypothesized to increase the partial pressure of oxygen locally, which favors formation of Fe 3+ over Fe 2+ in the slag . Altering the oxidation state of iron was suggested to increase slag viscosity and thereby improve corrosion resistance, and also limit the formation of spinel; (Fe,Mg)(Cr,Al) 2 O 4 , believed to cause spalling …”

Section: Application Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Phosphorus Chemistry in the Thermal Conversion of Biomass: Progress and Perspectives

et al. 2023

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Phosphorus is vital for all life, which means that phosphorus is present in all biomass to some extent. Some types of biomass, such as certain agricultural residues, animal biomass, and sewage sludge, contain high levels of phosphorus. In thermal conversion of biomass, high levels of phosphorus can cause various operational problems. Extensive work has been carried out to understand the phosphorus chemistry taking place at higher temperatures. However, until now, knowledge about transformation chemistry and fate of phosphorus during thermal conversion of biomass was not easily accessible in one place. In this work, the outcome of an extensive literature review has been summarized. First, an introduction to the role of phosphorus in biomass, and in what forms it may be present, is given. Different analytical techniques relevant for characterization of phosphorus in biomass, biomass char, and biomass ash are described. A classification of phosphorus-rich biomass is proposed, and the potential of different phosphorus-rich biomass types is presented. To provide a common basis for the field of high-temperature phosphorus chemistry, fundamental chemistry relevant for thermal conversion of biomass is first discussed. This includes the gas phase chemistry and reaction pathways of light phosphorus species, pyrolysis, and combustion of organophosphorus compounds, and solid, liquid, and gaseous interactions with other ash-forming elements. Thereafter, an in-depth review of phosphorus transformations in biomass, including decomposition of organic phosphorus, ash transformations in the condensed phase, release to the gas phase, and formation of particulate matter in the flue gas follows. Finally, the review covers research focusing on phosphorus in different application aspects, such as the use of phosphorus as an additive to mitigate operational problems related to slag and deposit formation, the behavior of phosphorus in fluidized bed technologies, corrosion, and the deactivation of SCR catalysts.

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Gasification Slag and the Mechanisms by Which Phosphorous Additions Reduce Slag Wear and Corrosion in High Cr2O3 Refractories

Cited by 4 publications

References 2 publications

Spalling degradation of Cr₂O₃‐Al₂O₃‐ZrO₂ refractories for coal‐water slurry gasifier linings: Role of phosphate

Spalling degradation of Cr₂O₃‐Al₂O₃‐ZrO₂ refractories for coal‐water slurry gasifier linings: Role of phosphate

A review of phosphorus partition relations for use in basic oxygen steelmaking

Review of Phosphorus Chemistry in the Thermal Conversion of Biomass: Progress and Perspectives

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Gasification Slag and the Mechanisms by Which Phosphorous Additions Reduce Slag Wear and Corrosion in High Cr2O3 Refractories

Cited by 4 publications

References 2 publications

Spalling degradation of Cr2O3‐Al2O3‐ZrO2 refractories for coal‐water slurry gasifier linings: Role of phosphate

Spalling degradation of Cr2O3‐Al2O3‐ZrO2 refractories for coal‐water slurry gasifier linings: Role of phosphate

A review of phosphorus partition relations for use in basic oxygen steelmaking

Review of Phosphorus Chemistry in the Thermal Conversion of Biomass: Progress and Perspectives

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Product

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Spalling degradation of Cr₂O₃‐Al₂O₃‐ZrO₂ refractories for coal‐water slurry gasifier linings: Role of phosphate

Spalling degradation of Cr₂O₃‐Al₂O₃‐ZrO₂ refractories for coal‐water slurry gasifier linings: Role of phosphate