Gasification of wastes: The impact of the feedstock type and co‐gasification on the formation of volatiles and char

Esmaeili, Vahideh; Ajalli, Jalil; Faramarzi, Azita; Abdi, Mehrdad; Gholizadeh, Mortaza

doi:10.1002/er.5121

Cited by 26 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…24 showed the C (1 2 0) facets of the aromatics carbon sheets. [40][41][42] Its abundance was higher in the char produced from the non-catalytic pyrolysis than that in the pyrolysis with the biochar catalyst. Additionally, the height of the peak was calculated and is indicated in Table 5.…”

Section: Xrd Ft-ir Tpo Raman and Tg Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The symmetric and asymmetric modes of aliphatic C H stretching was recorded at 2900 cm −1 . [40][41][42] Slightly lower intensity was observed for C H for the catalytic pyrolysis, which showed their conversion into other compounds. The band appeared at 1750 cm −1 is attributed to the C O stretching of carbonyl group.…”

Section: Uv-fluorescence Spectroscopy and Ft-ir Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A MS (Pfeiffer MS GSD 320) was connected to the exit section of TGA to determine the formation of CO 2 , H 2 , CO, CH, C 2 H 6 and C 3 H 8 in the gaseous products. 41,42 2.3.5 | Elemental analysis (EA) N, C, H, and S contents in the char produced and the biochar catalyst and the feedstock was determined by EuroEA3000-Single instrument. In each trial, 1 to 2 mg sample was loaded to the analyzer.…”

Section: Thermogravimetric Analysis (Tga)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A MS was used in the exit section of the analyzer to characterize the gaseous product. 41 3 | RESULTS AND DISCUSSION…”

Section: Temperature Programmed Oxidation (Tpo)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The small band at 1450 cm −1 was attributed to aromatic or aliphatic bending of methyl and methylene. 7,[40][41][42] The band at 1250 cm −1 was attributed to the C O stretching of the phenolics in the tar, which had slightly higher intensity in the presence of catalysts. This indicated the higher rate of cracking of large aromatics in the structure of poplar wood or higher rate of aromatization of unsaturated species such as alkenes.…”

Section: Uv-fluorescence Spectroscopy and Ft-ir Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biochar catalyzing polymerization of the volatiles from pyrolysis of poplar wood

Zhang

et al. 2021

Int J Energy Res

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In this study, the pyrolysis of poplar wood chips with biochar catalyst produced from gasification of the same poplar wood chips was conducted, aiming to probe its influence on the evolution of the pyrolysis products. From the results, it was concluded that the biochar catalyst enhanced the polymerization of the volatiles produced from the pyrolysis, and thus reduced the yields of the gaseous compounds while increased the yield of char. The carbonaceous deposit on surface of the char was oxygen-rich and more aliphatic, which decreased the thermal stability and crystallinity of the char, while made the char prone to oxidation. The biochar catalyst also promoted the formation of methoxy phenols at the expense of alkyl phenols, and the formation of the phenolics with bigger π-conjugated structures. In addition, the volatile-biochar interaction removed the defective structures in the large aromatic structures in the biochar catalyst. Highlights• Biochar catalyzed polymerization, but not cracking, of volatiles in pyrolysis.• Biochar catalyst enhances char formation while reduces gas formation in pyrolysis.• Char in catalytic pyrolysis is more O-rich and aliphatic and low thermal stability.• Biochar catalyzed condensation of volatiles to form bigger fused ring structures.• Biochar-volatiles interaction removes defective structure in fused ring of biochar. K E Y W O R D Sbiochar catalyst, catalytic pyrolysis, coke formation, poplar wood, product properties | INTRODUCTIONBiomass is an abundantly available and renewable resource, which can be used to produce fuels via thermochemical processes such as pyrolysis. 1,2 Via pyrolysis, biooil, char, and gaseous compounds were obtained from biomass. 3,4 Bio-oil is the major products with the yield ranging from 45 to 75%, depending on the process conditions such as temperature, reactor design, heating rate, particle size of biomass, etc. [4][5][6][7] In general, bio-oil has a high amount of oxygen, leading to its high acidity, low thermal stability, and low heating value, which makes it

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Section: Xrd Ft-ir Tpo Raman and Tg Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Uv-fluorescence Spectroscopy and Ft-ir Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Thermogravimetric Analysis (Tga)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A MS was used in the exit section of the analyzer to characterize the gaseous product. 41 3 | RESULTS AND DISCUSSION…”

Section: Temperature Programmed Oxidation (Tpo)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Uv-fluorescence Spectroscopy and Ft-ir Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biochar catalyzing polymerization of the volatiles from pyrolysis of poplar wood

Zhang

et al. 2021

Int J Energy Res

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Coke Formation and Zeolite Catalyst Effects on Products from Co‐pyrolysis of Waste Tyre and Poplar Wood in a Semi‐Batch Reactor under N₂ Atmosphere

Hoseini,

Atashi,

Gholizadeh

et al. 2024

Energy Tech

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Herein, it is aimed to investigate the effect of zeolite catalyst on the co‐pyrolysis process of waste tyre and poplar wood. A laboratory‐sized reactor is used to pyrolyze 15 g of sample at 500 °C under atmospheric pressure. In the results, it is indicated that co‐pyrolysis affects the properties of the products. Comparing to single feedstock, the co‐pyrolysis enhances the yields of bio‐oil, while reducing the formation of char. The pyrolysis of poplar wood produces 23.3 wt% of bio‐oil, while the pyrolysis of tyre yields 25 wt% of bio‐oil. However, it is 31.29 wt% for the co‐pyrolysis process. Higher content of valuable compounds are formed in the bio‐oil, which improve the fuel properties of the bio‐oil. The zeolite catalyst alters the characteristics of the products obtained from the co‐pyrolysis process. The gaseous products show a decrease in the concentrations of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide when the catalyst is present. The liquid product analysis reveals the presence of light aromatics such as ethyl benzene and light linear compounds such as alkanes including octane, hexane, etc. The analysis of the catalysts suggests that a very small amount of coke deposits on the catalyst due to the slight increase in carbon content.

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Catalytic pyrolysis of polyethylene terephthalate over zeolite catalyst: Characteristics of coke and the products

Ataei

Atashi

et al. 2021

Int J Energy Res

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Summary Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is highly used in the packaging industry, which triggered the pile‐up of a huge amount of waste in the environment. Catalytic pyrolysis can convert PET waste into fuel in solid, liquid, and gaseous products. In this study, the catalytic pyrolysis of PET granules in the presence of zeolite (A4 type) was studied. The results indicated that zeolite could remarkably influence the yields, properties, and compositions of the products by affecting the secondary and primary reactions. The yields of H2 and light hydrocarbons increased in the gaseous product due to the higher rate of dehydrogenation and cracking reactions catalyzed by the zeolite catalyst. In addition, the zeolite catalyst could crack down wax and char, increasing the yields of gas and tar while simultaneously reducing the yield of acids and aromatics inside the tar. The obtained char from the catalytic pyrolysis was more aliphatic and less aromatic, but the formation of the graphite‐type structure was enhanced. The coke, containing oxygen‐rich aliphatic species and aromatics, deposited on the catalyst, blocked pores, and significantly reduced the activity of the catalyst. In addition, the contents of metals increased on the surface of the zeolite catalyst due to the migration of inorganics from PET.

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Gasification of wastes: The impact of the feedstock type and co‐gasification on the formation of volatiles and char

Cited by 26 publications

References 52 publications

Biochar catalyzing polymerization of the volatiles from pyrolysis of poplar wood

Biochar catalyzing polymerization of the volatiles from pyrolysis of poplar wood

Coke Formation and Zeolite Catalyst Effects on Products from Co‐pyrolysis of Waste Tyre and Poplar Wood in a Semi‐Batch Reactor under N₂ Atmosphere

Catalytic pyrolysis of polyethylene terephthalate over zeolite catalyst: Characteristics of coke and the products

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Gasification of wastes: The impact of the feedstock type and co‐gasification on the formation of volatiles and char

Cited by 26 publications

References 52 publications

Biochar catalyzing polymerization of the volatiles from pyrolysis of poplar wood

Biochar catalyzing polymerization of the volatiles from pyrolysis of poplar wood

Coke Formation and Zeolite Catalyst Effects on Products from Co‐pyrolysis of Waste Tyre and Poplar Wood in a Semi‐Batch Reactor under N2 Atmosphere

Catalytic pyrolysis of polyethylene terephthalate over zeolite catalyst: Characteristics of coke and the products

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Coke Formation and Zeolite Catalyst Effects on Products from Co‐pyrolysis of Waste Tyre and Poplar Wood in a Semi‐Batch Reactor under N₂ Atmosphere