Gasification of unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine in supercritical water: Reaction pathway and kinetics

Yi, Lei; Guo, Liejin; Kou, Jiajing; Zhang, Deming; Wang, Runyu

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.03.092

Cited by 35 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…The water properties at supercritical conditions (374 °C and 220 bar) are characterized for a reduction in dielectric constant and thermal conductivity. Owing to its physicochemical properties, supercritical water is an acceptable reaction medium for biomass conversion . According to Calzavara et al, a lower amount of char is generated in comparison to other conventional gasification technologies.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Owing to its physicochemical properties, supercritical water is an acceptable reaction medium for biomass conversion. 35 According to Calzavara et al, 36 a lower amount of char is generated in comparison to other conventional gasification technologies. As can be observed from Figure 3, the hydrogen production is increased by steam reforming of hydrocarbons in the syngas stream as methane.…”

Section: Hydrogen Production Through Indirect Gasificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Technical and Environmental Evaluation of Six Routes for Industrial Hydrogen Production from Empty Palm Fruit Bunches

2019

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Currently, the production of alternative fuels from renewable sources such as biomass has been increased in order to meet energy policies and reduce the environmental impacts of fossil fuels. This work is focused on hydrogen production from oil palm empty fruit bunches using different biomass gasification methods (direct gasification, indirect gasification, and supercritical water gasification) and purification technologies (selexol-based absorption and pressure swing adsorption). Six routes were selected based on these technologies and simulated using Aspen Plus software. Possible operating process improvements were suggested based on parametric sensitivity analysis by studying the effect of several variables on hydrogen production: gasification temperature, gasifying agent-to-biomass ratio, steam-to-carbon monoxide ratio, temperature of a high-temperature step reactor, and pressure in a hydrogen purification unit. The methodology of waste reduction algorithm was performed to assess the environmental impacts of each route. Results showed that hydrogen production was improved by increasing the gasification reaction temperature to 900 °C, oxygen-to-biomass ratio to 1.5, and pressure of purification stage to 10 atm for all routes. However, routes 1 and 2 presented a slight increase up to 0.7% in hydrogen yield using 1.5 mol O2/mol biomass. The environmental assessment revealed that routes 3 and 4 exhibited the lowest toxicological and atmospheric environmental impacts because of the use of char generated in the gasification reaction for energy production. These results indicated that route 4 exhibited the best performance for producing hydrogen from an environmental viewpoint.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hydrogen Production Through Indirect Gasificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Technical and Environmental Evaluation of Six Routes for Industrial Hydrogen Production from Empty Palm Fruit Bunches

2019

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“…Yi et al [98] proposed using supercritical water gasification (SCWG) technology to process Unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (UDMH), a hazardous waste commonly used as a propellant for military and space programs. They conducted experiments to study the reaction pathways and kinetics of UDMH in supercritical water.…”

Section: Research Status On Udmh Fuelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights into the Reaction Kinetics of Hydrazine-Based Fuels: A Comprehensive Review of Theoretical and Experimental Methods

Wu¹,

Bruce

Bai

et al. 2023

Energies

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While researchers have extensively studied the initial decomposition mechanism of Monomethylhydrazine (MMH, CH3NHNH2) in the MMH/dinitrogen tetroxide (NTO) system, the investigation of Unsymmetrical Dimethylhydrazine (UDMH, (CH3)2NNH2) has been limited due to its high toxicity, corrosiveness, and deterioration rate. Hence, the effects of UDMH’s deterioration products on combustion performance and gas-phase combustion reaction mechanisms remain unclear. This comprehensive review examines the existing research on the reaction kinetics of the three widely used hydrazine-based self-ignition propellants: Hydrazine (HZ, N2H4): MMH: and UDMH, emphasizing the necessity for further investigation into the reaction kinetics and mechanisms of UDMH. It also discusses the implications of these findings for developing safer and more efficient rocket propulsion systems. Additionally, this review underscores the importance of utilizing computational chemistry theory to analyze hydrazine-based fuels’ combustion and decomposition properties, constructing detailed pyrolysis and combustion reaction mechanisms to optimize rocket engine fuel performance and environmental concerns.

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“…Aqueous solutions of 1,1-dimethylhydrazine transformation products obtained by oxidizing rocket fuel with air oxygen for a long time, as well as a result of its decomposition by pyrolysis in supercritical water [27][28][29], which has prospects for use in purification wastewater from launch sites, where chosen as real samples for testing the developed method. Eight and twenty-two compounds from the list of target analytes were found in the studied Samples 3 and 4, respectively (Table 3).…”

Section: Analyses Of Real Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry Quantification of 1,1-Dimethylhydrazine Transformation Products in Aqueous Solutions: Accelerated Water Sample Preparation

2021

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The use of highly toxic rocket fuel based on 1,1-dimethylhydrazine (UDMH) in many types of carrier rockets poses a threat to environment and human health associated with an ingress of UDMH into wastewater and natural reservoirs and its transformation with the formation of numerous toxic nitrogen-containing products. Their GC-MS quantification in aqueous samples requires matrix change and is challenging due to high polarity of analytes. To overcome this problem, accelerated water sample preparation (AWASP) based on the complete removal of water with anhydrous sodium sulfate and transferring analytes into dichloromethane was used. Twenty-nine UDMH transformation products including both the acyclic and heterocyclic compounds of various classes were chosen as target analytes. AWASP ensured attaining near quantitative extraction of 23 compounds with sample preparation procedure duration of no more than 5 min. Combination of AWASP with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and using pyridine-d5 as an internal standard allowed for developing the rapid, simple, and low-cost method for simultaneous quantification of UDMH transformation products with detection limits of 1–5 μg L–1 and linear concentration range covering 4 orders of magnitude. The method has been validated and successfully tested in the analysis of aqueous solutions of rocket fuel subjected to oxidation with atmospheric oxygen, as well as pyrolytic gasification in supercritical water modelling wastewater from carrier rockets launch sites.

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Gasification of unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine in supercritical water: Reaction pathway and kinetics

Cited by 35 publications

References 49 publications

A Technical and Environmental Evaluation of Six Routes for Industrial Hydrogen Production from Empty Palm Fruit Bunches

A Technical and Environmental Evaluation of Six Routes for Industrial Hydrogen Production from Empty Palm Fruit Bunches

Insights into the Reaction Kinetics of Hydrazine-Based Fuels: A Comprehensive Review of Theoretical and Experimental Methods

Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry Quantification of 1,1-Dimethylhydrazine Transformation Products in Aqueous Solutions: Accelerated Water Sample Preparation

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