Gasification and liquefaction of solid fuels by hydrothermal conversion methods

Kruusement, Kristjan; Luik, Hans; Waldner, Maurice H.; Vogel, Frédéric; Luik, Lea

doi:10.1016/j.jaap.2014.04.006

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…As shown in the table, CO 2 , CH 4 , H 2 , and C 2 H 6 are the major components of the gas products. Among the organic gases, it is noted that CO 2 has the highest content, which is similar to the results reported by Hu et al and Kruusement, and it is possibly produced by the decarboxylation of carboxylic intermediates with thermal stress . CH 4 is the major compound in the hydrocarbon gases, followed by C 2 H 6 and C 3 H 8 , showing a similar trend to that defined by ALD Spigolon .…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

Subcritical Water Extraction of Huadian Oil Shale at 300 °C

Sun¹,

Kang²,

Wang

et al. 2019

Energy Fuels

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In this work, Huadian oil shale was extracted by subcritical water at 300 °C over different time periods to better characterize the underground mining of oil shale in situ. The results revealed that the kerogen in the oil shale mostly transformed into bitumen through extraction over a long time period by subcritical water at 300 °C; however, a portion of the bitumen remained in the shale matrix. The yields of both bitumen 1 (the bitumen extracted by subcritical water) and bitumen 2 (the bitumen remaining in the shale matrix) reached maximums at approximately 250 h. It should take a long time for bitumen 2 to be released because the ability of the transporting substrates of subcritical water was insufficient, the solubility of bitumen 2 was poor, and tiny fractures were generated in the oil shale matrix at such a low temperature. The gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis showed that the major components of bitumen 1 and bitumen 2 were similar and consisted of n-alkanes, n-alkanoic acids, n-alk-2-ones, and isoprenoid alkane. Initially, kerogen decomposition produced a large number of n-alkanes with low molecular weights; however, as the reaction continued, comparatively higher-molecular-weight n-alkanes were obtained more. In addition, the bitumen underwent a secondary cracking in the subcritical water, resulting in its decreased yield over time, whereas the contents of gaseous C2–C6 hydrocarbons increased. The organic matter dissolved in the spent aqueous solution consisted of mainly paraffins, isoparaffins, cyclohexanone derivatives, and phenolic derivatives. The analysis of the oil shale residue showed that minerals were less reactive in the subcritical water except for feldspar and calcite and that mesopores developed in the oil shale with prolongated extraction time, as more bitumen diffused out and into the subcritical water at 300 °C.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

Subcritical Water Extraction of Huadian Oil Shale at 300 °C

Sun¹,

Kang²,

Wang

et al. 2019

Energy Fuels

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“…Beyond the critical point, water's solvent capabilities become highly tunable with relatively minor variations in temperature and pressure. Supercritical water is effectively non-polar, which opens new ranges of solvent possibilities (Kruusernent et al 2014). While the DOD has explored the potential of supercritical water for the destruction of potent chemical weapons (Marrone et al 2005), the Department's focus is on elimination of dangerous wastes.…”

Section: Other Solvent Possibilitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biofuels and Bioproducts from Wet and Gaseous Waste Streams: Challenges and Opportunities

None¹

2017

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Historically, the concept of "waste-to-energy" has referred to any of a number of highly mature technologies (e.g. incineration or anaerobic digestion) that decrease waste volumes. Landfill capacity scarcity, coupled with increasingly stringent disposal regulations, is necessitating novel waste management solutions. In particular, the notion that waste streams represent valuable feedstocks for the production of biofuels and bioproducts is gaining currency. These feedstocks include inedible fats and greases, biogas from landfills, dairies, wastewater treatment plants, and the organic fraction of municipal solid wastes. Conversion of these feedstocks into renewable natural gas, diesel, and aviation fuels is just beginning to gain market traction. It represents a significant opportunity for additional expansion.Terrestrial feedstocks are currently the largest resource generated for the bioeconomy, estimated at 572 million dry tons for 2017 (Billion Ton 2016), and have traditionally constituted the primary focus of the Bioenergy Technologies Office (BETO). However, the resource assessment conducted by the National Renewable Energy Lab and Pacific Northwest National Lab indicates that wet waste feedstocks (Summarized in Table ES-1) could also make significant contributions to the bioeconomy and domestic energy security goals.

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“…Lignin is a component of biomass that has a complex chemical structure and is more difficult to break down into simpler components. During gasification, lignin tends to form undesirable products such as tar and oxygen compounds, which can lower the quality of the synthesis gas and reduce the H 2 ratio [13,14]. To overcome this challenge, several approaches have been explored.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Research on the Production of Hydrogen-Rich Synthesis Gas via the Air-Gasification of Olive Pomace: A Comparison between an Updraft Bubbling Bed and a Downdraft Fixed Bed

Carmo-Calado,

Hermoso-Orzáez,

Diaz-Perete

et al. 2023

Hydrogen

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The present study compares the performance of bubbling-bed updraft and a fixed-bed downdraft gasification systems for producing hydrogen-rich (H2) syngas from olive pomace on a semi-industrial scale. The focus is on examining the effects of temperature and efficiency ratio (ER) on the composition, low heat value (LHV), carbon conversion efficiency (CCE), and cold gas efficiency (CGE) of the produced syngas. The results presented for the fixed bed show the concentration of H2 (15.6–16.52%), CGE (58.99–66.80%), CCE (69.07–71.86%), and LHV (4.82–5.70 MJ/Nm3). The CGE reaches a maximum of 66.80% at a temperature of 700 °C and an ER of 0.20, while the syngas yield (2.35 Nm3/kg) presents a maximum at a temperature 800 °C and an ER of 0.21, with a tendency to decrease with the increase in the temperature. For the bubbling fluidized bed, results were shown for the concentration of H2 (12.54–12.97%), CGE (70.48–89.51%), CCE (75.83–78.49%), and LHV (6.10–6.93 MJ/Nm3), where, at a temperature of 700 °C and an ER of 0.23, the CGE is 89.51% and the LHV is 6.93 MJ/Nm3, with a tendency to decrease with the increase in the temperature, while the maximum syngas yield (2.52 Nm3/kg) occurs at a temperature of 800 °C and an ER of 0.23. Comparing the two gasification processes, the fixed bed has a higher concentration of H2 at all the temperatures and ERs of the experiments; however, the bubbling fluidized bed has a higher CGE. These findings have implications for applications involving syngas, such as energy production and chemical synthesis, and can guide process optimization and enhance energy efficiency. The information obtained can also contribute to emission mitigation strategies and improvements in syngas-based synthesis reactors.

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Gasification and liquefaction of solid fuels by hydrothermal conversion methods

Cited by 8 publications

References 50 publications

Subcritical Water Extraction of Huadian Oil Shale at 300 °C

Subcritical Water Extraction of Huadian Oil Shale at 300 °C

Biofuels and Bioproducts from Wet and Gaseous Waste Streams: Challenges and Opportunities

Experimental Research on the Production of Hydrogen-Rich Synthesis Gas via the Air-Gasification of Olive Pomace: A Comparison between an Updraft Bubbling Bed and a Downdraft Fixed Bed

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